中国砷污染地块修复案例分析与环境管理意义  

Case Analysis and Environmental Management Implications of Arsenic-polluted Sites Remediation in China

作　　者：张云慧 刘虎鹏 杜平 袁贝 张昊 陈娟 ZHANG Yunhui;LIU Hupeng;DU Ping;YUAN Bei;ZHANG Hao;CHEN Juan(Technical Centre for Soil,Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第10期228-236,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1806304)。

摘　　要：砷是我国污染地块最常见的污染物,具有分布广、毒性强的特点,砷污染土壤所引起的生态风险和环境安全问题受到高度关注。实证研究是完善环境监管的重要前提和基础,而目前鲜有全国砷污染地块的总体研究。该文以2012-2021年221个砷污染地块为研究对象,分析污染地块的空间分布、污染特征、修复目标值和治理修复技术,探究砷污染地块土壤污染的科学特性与技术监管方式。结果表明,全国砷污染地块分布较集中,61.1%分布在重庆、上海、广西、浙江、江苏和贵州等经济发达或地质高背景地区;地块原址企业90.5%属于制造业,其中化学原料和化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业、有色金属冶炼和压延加工业、金属制品业是重点关注的行业类别;规划用途最多的类型为居住用地,占比63.8%,此类地块原址企业多属于化学原料和化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业等高污染行业,重金属、多环芳烃、石油烃、氯代烃复合污染发生频率高。砷修复目标值主要引用国家或地方环境质量标准,占比84.2%。砷污染土壤治理修复技术以固化稳定化和水泥窑协同处置为主,应用频率分别为53.1%和35.0%;早期砷污染土壤治理修复技术以固化稳定化为主,2017年之后水泥窑、砖瓦窑等协同处置技术占据主导地位。该研究为污染地块砷的环境管理工作提供了实证支撑,未来可从加强典型行业企业砷源头防治、严格再开发准入、科学制定砷修复目标值、强化砷风险管控地块后期管理等方面进一步管控土壤砷污染风险。Arsenic is the most common pollutant of strong toxicicty in contaminated sites with wide-spread feature.The issues of arsenic pollution of soil causing ecological risks which threaten the environmental security have drawn much pub⁃lic concern in China.Owing to the fact that the empirical reserch,which is the prerequisite and foundation for improving the environment mahagement,is scarcely overall carried out on the arsennic-polluted land site nation-widely,a empirical reserch was thus conducted in this field.This article,basing on a survey about 221 arsenic-contaminated sites in the peri⁃od of 2012-2021,elaborated on a empirical reserch involving the statistical analysis on spatial distribution,pollution char⁃acteristics,remediation target values,and treatment and restoration technologies,in order to explore the scientific character⁃istics and technical regulatory methods of arsenic-contaminated soil.As a result,the research showed that arsenic-contam⁃inated sites in the country was relatively concentrated,with 61.1%in the economically developed regions and/or geological arsenic high-background areas such as Chongqing City,Shanghai City,and Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Guangxi and Guizhou prov⁃inces;90.5%of the original site enterprises were categorized as manufacturing industries,among which were mainly chem⁃ical raw materials/chemical products manufacturing,black metal smelting and rolling processing,non-ferrous metal smelt⁃ing and rolling processing,and metal product manufacturing.The planned land sites with multiple uses belonged to resi⁃dential land,accounting for 63.8%,whose original sites used to be the plots of high-pollution industries such as chemical raw materials/chemical products manufacturing,ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industries,with the com⁃bined pollution of heavy metals,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,petroleum hydrocarbons,besides the occurence frequen⁃cy of chlorinated hydrocarbons was high.As to the the target of arsenic pollutred land remediation,84.2%of the targ

关 键 词：砷 污染地块 行业 修复技术 案例分析 环境管理 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]