操纵水稻叶片SHR和生长素诱导水稻类C_(4)叶脉分布样式产生  

Creating a C_(4)-like vein pattern in rice by manipulating SHORT ROOT and auxin levels

作　　者：董文涛 常天根 戴慧玲 杨卫兵 苏语 晁代印 朱新广 王鹏 于楠 王二涛 Wentao Dong;Tiangen Chang;Huiling Dai;Weibing Yang;Yu Su;Daiyin Chao;Xin-Guang Zhu;Peng Wang;Nan Yu;Ertao Wang(New Cornerstone Science Laboratory,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,SIBS,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences,College of Life Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China;School of Life Science and Technology,Shanghai Tech University,Shanghai 201210,China;National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology,CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]New Cornerstone Science Laboratory,National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,SIBS,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China [2]Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences,College of Life Sciences,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China [3]School of Life Science and Technology,Shanghai Tech University,Shanghai 201210,China [4]National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology,CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China

出　　处：《Science Bulletin》2023年第24期3133-3136,M0004,共5页科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32088102,31730103,31825003,32050081,and 31870218);the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-011);the Strategic Priority Research Program “Molecular Mechanism of Plant Growth and Development”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB27040207);the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0904703 and 2016YFA0500502);the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(20202022QNRC001/2/3)。

摘　　要：C_(4)植物叶片的维管束表现出独特的花环结构,该结构由位于内层的维管束鞘细胞和外层的叶肉细胞组成,赋予C_(4)植物拥有相比于C_(3)植物更高的光合速率.目前已鉴定到60多种独立的花环结构变体,暗示花环结构经历了趋同进化.高效的C_(4)光合作用依赖于C_(4)植物叶片高的叶脉与叶肉细胞比——这也是C_(4)演化的关键.然而,高叶脉密度形成的机制仍然未知,这阻碍了将C_(4)性状引入C_(3)作物的工程化改造.前人尝试通过在水稻叶片中过量表达调控C_(4)玉米叶脉模式的多种因子,但未能成功诱导出类C_(4)叶脉分布样式的叶片.在本研究中,我们发现在水稻和玉米中过量表达SHORT ROOT(SHR)有助于促进叶肉细胞的分裂,增加相邻叶脉间的细胞数量.水稻和玉米的SHR多突变体叶片的叶肉细胞分裂减少,相邻叶脉之间的叶肉细胞数量显著降低.通过增加C_(3)水稻叶片中SHR和处理生长素,我们在水稻中成功诱导产生了类C_(4)叶脉分布样式的叶片,对C_(3)作物的工程化改造具有重要意义.Plants with C_(4) photosynthesis have drastically improved solar energy conversion efficiency as well as soil nitrogen-and wateruse efficiency compared to C_(3) plants[1,2].Highly efficient C_(4) photosynthesis relies on a high vein-to-mesophyll cell ratio(Kranz anatomy),which represents an early and critical step in C_(4) evolution[1,3].However,little is known about the mechanisms underlying the formation of Kranz anatomy,which has hindered attempts to engineer C_(4) photosynthesis in C crops in the past decades.

关 键 词：维管束鞘细胞 叶肉细胞 水稻叶片 生长素 趋同进化 叶脉密度 光合作用 花环结构 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]