外泌体在免疫系统电离辐射旁效应中作用的研究进展  

Research progress on the role of exosome in the ionizing radiation-induced bystander effects in the immune system

作　　者：韩继霞 董丽 战景明[1] HAN Ji-xia;DONG Li;ZHAN Jing-ming(Division of Radiology and Environmental Medicine China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006,China;Institutes of Biomedical Sciences Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国辐射防护研究院放射医学与环境医学研究所,太原030006 [2]山西大学生物医学研究院,太原030006

出　　处：《现代免疫学》2024年第1期65-71,共7页Current Immunology

基　　金：山西省卫生健康委科研项目(2021XM20)。

摘　　要：辐射旁效应(radiation-induced bystander effect,RIBE)是电离辐射诱发生物学效应的作用机制之一,可由多种途径介导。外泌体是活细胞主动释放的直径30~150 nm双层脂质膜包裹小囊泡,广泛分布于体液中,携带核酸和蛋白质等信号分子,发挥重要的细胞间通讯作用。近期发现外泌体可参与RIBE的形成并介导电离辐射免疫效应的发生。免疫系统是电离辐射前列主要的靶标之一,免疫系统损伤也是核事故等造成的患者最常见的病症和生存质量下降主因。因此,全面揭示RIBE在电离辐射免疫效应中的作用机制一直是辐射生物学领域研究的热点。文章从外泌体角度综述了RIBE在电离辐射免疫效应中的作用以及外泌体参与该作用的生物学机制,以期为深入研究辐射生物学效应的发生机制和探索辐射损伤的防治策略提供科学依据。Radiation-induced bystander effect(RIBE)is one of the mechanisms of ionizing radiation-induced biological effects,which may be mediated by a variety of pathways.Exosomes are 30~150 nm diameter bilayer lipid membrane-rounding vesicles actively released by living cells and were widely distributed in body fluids.They carry signal molecules including nucleic acids and proteins to play important roles in inter-cellular communications.Recently,it has been found that exosomes can participate in the formation of RIBE and mediate the occurrence of immune responses due to ionizing radiation.The immune system is one of the main targets for ionizing radiation,and the damage of the immune system is also the main cause of the most common diseases and life quality decline of patients suffering from nuclear accidents.Therefore,it has persisted a hotspot in the field of radiation biology to comprehensively reveal the mechanism of RIBE in the ionizing radiation-induced immune effect.This review discusses the role of RIBE in the ionizing radiation-induced immune effect from the perspective of exosome and summarizes the biological mechanisms of exosome in this process in order to form a scientific basis for further study of the mechanism of radiation biological effects and for the exploration of radiation injury prevention and treatment strategies.

关 键 词：外泌体 辐射旁效应 电离辐射 免疫系统 

分 类 号：R392.9[医药卫生—免疫学]