我国西尼罗病毒及人畜动物感染:现场调查与实验室检测  

West Nile virus and its human and animal infections in China:field surveys and laboratory investigations

作　　者：殷启凯 王环宇[1] 梁国栋[1] YIN Qikai;WANG Huanyu;LIANG Guodong(National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100052,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室,北京100052

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第1期28-33,共6页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC2302700)。

摘　　要：西尼罗病毒为蚊虫传播的虫媒病毒,同时也是人畜共患病病原体,1937年首次在非洲分离到,此后发现西尼罗病毒感染而引起的发热性疾病的流行。1999年西尼罗病毒首次传入美国纽约地区引起成人病毒性脑炎的流行,这也是首次报道西尼罗病毒感染引起群体性成人病毒性脑炎的流行。此后西尼罗病毒及其人畜动物感染迅速扩散至美国全境,在全世界引起轰动。目前认为西尼罗病毒是在世界范围分布最广的新发蚊传虫媒病毒,人类或者动物通过蚊虫叮咬感染西尼罗病毒后可出现发热、脑炎(脑膜炎)等病症,极少数病例还可表现为严重胰腺炎、肝炎、心肌炎、流产甚至死亡,引起世界性的巨大公共卫生负担。本文介绍我国在西尼罗病毒分离鉴定,及其成人病毒性脑炎的流行以及西尼罗病毒与伤寒菌合并感染等的现场调查和实验室检测的研究进展,以期推动我国在西尼罗病毒及其感染方面的防控及研究工作。The West Nile virus(WNV),a mosquito-borne arbovirus,is also a zoonotic pathogen first isolated in the 1930s in Africa,followed by the identification of the prevalence of febrile illness caused by West Nile virus infections.In 1999,the West Nile virus was first introduced into New York City of the United States,and caused the outbreak of viral encephalitis in adults.This marked the first reported outbreak of mass adult viral encephalitis caused by West Nile virus.Subsequently,West Nile virus and its infections in humans and animals spread rapidly throughout the United States,causing a worldwide sensation.West Nile virus is currently considered the most widely distributed emerging mosquito-borne arboviruses worldwide.Humans or animals infected by mosquito bites can develop symptoms such as fever,encephalitis(meningitis),and in rare cases,present with severe pancreatitis,hepatitis,myocarditis,miscarriage,or even death,posing a huge global public health burden.This review introduces China's progress in the isolation and identification of West Nile virus,the prevalence of adult viral encephalitis,and the field surveys and laboratory investigations of the coinfection of West Nile virus and typhoid bacteria,aiming to promote the research work and control and prevention of West Nile virus and its infection in China.

关 键 词：西尼罗病毒 西尼罗病毒性脑炎 尖音库蚊 

分 类 号：R511[医药卫生—内科学]