从“资本制”到“半殖民地半封建”——中国马克思主义史学家对近代中国社会性质的认知  

From"capitalist system"to"semi colonial and semi feudal":Chinese Marxist historians'understanding of the nature of modern Chinese society

作　　者：李勇[1] Li Yong

机构地区：[1]淮北师范大学史学理论与史学史研究中心,安徽淮准北235000

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2024年第1期143-154,192,共13页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“二战后全球马克思主义史学理论文献的整理与研究”(项目编号:22&ZD250)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国马克思主义史学家,对近代中国社会性质的认识有“资本制”“殖民地化”“半殖民地”“半殖民地半封建”和“半封建半殖民地”诸说。“资本制”说与托派观点雷同,未能久立;“殖民地化”说是通用说法;“半殖民地”说是次通用提法;“半殖民地”“半封建”组合顺序不同代表着人们对于外国帝国主义和国内封建势力的地位、影响之大小强弱的不同认识。共产国际内部意见不一,造成中共意见的模糊和分歧,导致中国马克思主义史学家异说纷呈。中国革命反帝反封建的理论和实践,逻辑上要求与之相匹配的是中国近代社会的“半殖民地半封建”说。有鉴于此,中国马克思主义史学家在抗战时期,特别是毛泽东发表《新民主主义论》之后,渐渐趋同“半殖民地半封建”说。然而,仍有主“半殖民地”和“半封建半殖民地”说者,体现了中国马克思主义史学阵营在“反帝反封建”主张前提下和而不同的学术气度。The Chinese Marxism historians hold different views about the social nature of modern China,such as"capital system","colonization","semi-colony","semi-colony and semi-feudal","semi-feudal and semi-colony".The theory of"capital system"is similar to the Trotskyist viewpoint and has not been established for a long time.The theory of"colonization"is a universal term.The term"semi colony"is a universal term.The dfferent combination order of""semi colonial"and"semi feudal"represents people's different understanding of the status,strength,and influence of foreign imperialism and domestic feudal forces.The internal disagreements within the Communist International have led to the ambiguity and divergence of opinions among the Communist Party of China,resulting in diverse opinions among Chinese Marxist historians.The theory and practice of Chinese revolution against imperialism and feudalism logically require a match with the"semi colonial and semi feudal"theory of modern Chinese society.In view of this,Chinese Marxist historians gradually converged with the"semi colonial and semi feudal"theory during the Anti Japanese War,especially after Mao Zedong published his On New Democratic.However,there are still advocates of"semi colonial"and"semi feudal semi colonial",reflecting the academic magnanimity of the Chinese Marxist historiography camp under the premise of""anti imperialism and anti feudalism".

关 键 词：中国马克思主义史学家 近代中国 “资本制” “殖民地化” “半殖民地” “半封建” 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]