植物病原菌效应子  

Research advances of phytopathogen effectors

作　　者：张美祥 杨超 刘俊 Meixiang Zhang;Chao Yang;Jun Liu(College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710119 [2]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100193

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第36期4895-4917,共23页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32225043,32072399,32372483,32322071)资助。

摘　　要：病原菌在侵染寄主植物过程中分泌多种效应子作为武器,在胞间或胞质干扰寄主的生物学过程,以促进病原菌的侵染和定殖.解析病原菌干扰植物免疫的功能和作用机制是认识病原菌与植物互作的关键,也可为开发和建立植物病害新型抗病策略提供理论基础.近年来,随着测序技术的发展、各种功能基因组学研究方法的建立和结构生物学的发展,我们对病原菌效应子的特征、数量、转运和功能有了较为深入的认识.对病原菌效应子功能的认识从抑制寄主免疫信号传导拓展到对植物代谢、微生物组等各种生物学过程的干扰.同时,病原菌效应子激活免疫的机制研究取得了突破性的进展,抗病小体的发现解答了植物NLR抗病蛋白识别效应子后如何激活和介导植物抗性这一科学难题.本文对近年来病原菌效应子的研究进行了系统的总结和评述,并对未来效应子的研究进行了展望.Phytopathogens cause many serious diseases in plants.During millions of years of battles with plants,phytopathogens have evolved many strategies to suppress plant immunity for their infection.Effectors,secreted by pathogens during infection,are the key weapon of pathogens.These effectors act either in the apoplast or cytoplasm and play a vital role in interfering with plant physiology and defense responses in order to create a suitable environment for colonization.Effector biology research has achieved tremendous progress in the last two decades,enabling us to recognize their essential roles in plant and pathogen interactions.Technique advancements have increased our understanding to effector biology.Development of high-throughput sequencing and omics techniques have dramatically improved our ability to identify and characterize effector repertoires in various pathogens.The elucidation of effector targets and their mode of action has helped us use these knowledges to engineer disease-resistant crops through genetic modification.Currently,our understanding to pathogen effector biology has undergone a significant expansion beyond the well-known immune signaling suppression.Effectors have been found to interfere with diverse biological processes of host plants,including plant metabolism,the dynamic regulation of stomatal movement,phytohormone signaling,the function of organelles,and even the delicate balance of host-associated microbiome.This paradigm shift highlights the complexity of the host-pathogen interactions and reveals the multifaceted strategies that pathogens employ to establish successful infections.One of the groundbreaking achievements in effector biology is the discovery of plant resistosomes,which resolves the long-standing question that how plant NLR immune receptors recognize effectors for immune activation.This groundbreaking finding not only provides a complete framework for us to understand the effector-triggered immunity in plants but also holds profound implications for the view of hostpathoge

关 键 词：效应子 植物免疫 免疫干扰 免疫识别 寄主靶标 

分 类 号：S432.4[农业科学—植物病理学]