阿秒光脉冲:照亮通往物质内部电子世界的道路  

Attosecond pulses of light:Shining the way to the world of electrons in matter

作　　者：王虎山[1] 付玉喜 程亚 Hushan Wang;Yuxi Fu;Ya Cheng(Center for Attosecond Science and Technology,Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710119,China;School of Physics and Electronic Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所阿秒科学与技术研究中心,西安710119 [2]华东师范大学物理与电子科学学院,上海200241

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第36期4927-4932,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：物理学始于对物质运动本质的哲学探索,而现代物理学则开端于对运动过程的定量实验测量.无论是速度还是加速度,这些最简单的物理量的定义都与时间密不可分.随着人类探索自然的脚步进入微观世界,就需要在更快的时间尺度上对微观粒子的运动过程进行观测,其根本原因在于越是处于基本层面的微观粒子,其特征运动时间越快.Ferenc Krausz(from Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics,Garching and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München,Germany)and Anne L’Huillier(from Lund University,Sweden),for their contributions to experimental methods that generate attosecond pulses of light for the study of electron dynamics in matter.From the official website of the Nobel Prize,we can see the introduction“An attosecond(10–18 s)is so short that there are as many in one second as there have been seconds since the birth of the universe”.The attosecond pulses of light have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons in matter and enabled the investigation of ultrafast processes that were previously impossible to follow.Back to 1887,Hertz discovered that under the irradiation of electromagnetic waves with a high enough frequency,electrons inside the material will be excited to form an electric current,which is the famous photoelectric effect.However,the photoelectric effect contradicted the electromagnetic wave theory founded by Maxwell and could not be understood for a long time.In 1905,Einstein explained the photoelectric effect for the first time by proposing the hypothesis of photons,which also promoted the establishment of quantum mechanics.However,Einstein’s theory of the photoelectric effect only holds true under the conditions of perturbative interactions caused by weak light intensity.Then,strong field physics emerges,with the introduction of multiphoton ionization,tunneling ionization,and above-threshold ionization,paving the way for the birth of attosecond pulses of light.In 1987,Anne L’Huillier achieved high harmonic generation in experiments when she transmitted infrared laser light through a noble gas.In 1993,the 3-step model of high harmonic generation was proposed by Kulander and Paul Corkum.In 2001,Pierre Agostini succeeded in producing attosecond pulse trains,in which each pulse lasted just 250 attoseconds.In the same year,Ferenc Krausz experimentally realized the first isolated attosecond pulse that la

关 键 词：现代物理学 定量实验 哲学探索 微观世界 微观粒子 时间尺度 运动本质 加速度 

分 类 号：O431.2[机械工程—光学工程]