亚洲水塔水循环和水资源研究进展与展望  

Water circulation and water resources of Asia’s water tower:The past and future

作　　者：张强[1] 王港 赵佳琪 李田田 吴文欢[3] 张恺雯 冯安兰 申泽西 Qiang Zhang;Gang Wang;Jiaqi Zhao;Tiantian Li;Wenhuan Wu;Kaiwen Zhang;Anlan Feng;Zexi Shen(Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China;Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境与生态前沿交叉研究院,珠海519087 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875 [3]核工业北京地质研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第36期4982-4994,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0606900);国家自然科学基金(42041006)资助。

摘　　要：亚洲水塔是亚洲地区重要的水资源供给单元,为其周边约8亿人的水资源需求提供保障.亚洲水塔水资源的稳定性与可持续性对周边地区社会经济稳定与可持续发展具有重要意义.受气候变化和人类活动的影响,在过去几十年中,亚洲水塔水资源存量及其可持续性引起了学界高度关注.亚洲水塔冰川消融、冻土退化、湖泊面积扩张、陆地水储量下降等进一步打破了亚洲水塔水资源平衡状态.本文围绕亚洲水塔水循环过程及其效应、水资源变化及其未来预测这一主线,梳理了亚洲水塔气候状态、冰川、径流、湖泊和陆地水储量等水资源组分的变化和影响因素系列研究成果,系统总结了气候变化下亚洲水塔水资源研究进展.在此基础上,从气候变化影响下亚洲水塔水资源存量及变化、亚洲水塔的人类福祉服务与可持续发展和跨域协同系统治理等方面讨论了亚洲水塔水资源失衡面临的挑战和未来的研究展望,以期推动亚洲水塔周边国家未来水资源科学管理与经济社会可持续发展.The Asia’s water tower(AWT),regarded as the third pole of the Earth,serves as the critical water supply unit for the Asian region,with numerous glaciers and lakes,giving birth to many Asian rivers,and providing water security about 800 million people.The sustainability of water resources in AWT is of great significance to the social and economic stability and sustainable development of the surrounding regions,which is being threatened by climate change.With the impact of global warming and anthropogenic activities,the hydrologic cycle has intensified,and the water vapor budget and water resources supply have undergone significant changes.This has led to an imbalance in regional water resource supply,severely threatening regional food security and socio-political stability.Therefore,the water resources stock and sustainability of AWT are facing severe challenges.It is of great importance to understand the hydrological cycle characteristics of the AWT and its modulating effect on the surrounding climate,comprehensively understand the water resources change and its impact,and cope with the imbalance and unequal distribution of water resources that the AWT will face.Introducing water vapor transport and water circulation of AWT based on the published work,we divided the water vapor circulation process of the AWT into two parts:External water vapor transport and internal water vapor circulation,and analyzed the mechanisms and water vapor source regions for external water vapor transport to AWT through the midlatitude westerlies,Indian monsoon,and Asian monsoon.Then,we introduced the main components and mechanisms of interaction in the internal circulation in AWT.We also evaluated the effects of water resources on AWT and surrounding areas,and deciphered how the AWT affected the surrounding areas by changing water supply,water vapor transport,etc.,and how the changes may lead to extreme hydrometeorological events.Due to the impact of global warming,climate change has posed a serious threat to the security of water re

关 键 词：亚洲水塔 青藏高原 水资源 可持续发展 气候变化 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]