轴向预紧作用下的组合转子轴系模态特性研究  

Astudy on modal characteristics of combined rotor shafting under axial preload

作　　者：李维博 王维民 李铭[3] 王威 张帅 LI Weibo;WANG Weimin;LI Ming;WANG Wei;ZHANG Shuai(Beijing Key Laboratory of Health Monitoring Control and Fault Self-recovery for High-end Machinery,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Key Lab of Engine Health Monitoring-Control and Networking,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学高端机械装备健康监控与自愈化北京市重点实验室,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学发动机健康监测及网格化教育部重点实验室,北京100029 [3]北京航天动力研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2024年第4期76-86,157,共12页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(92160203)。

摘　　要：组合转子轴系结构是空天动力装备中发动机转子系统的主要结构,由于轴系中各部件接触面的存在使得转子系统动力学特性难以准确掌握,当涉及转子工作转速裕度时会产生一定的设计风险。针对组合转子轴系单主轴多部件轴向预紧结构特点,考虑转子不同接触面之间非线性连接参数,提出一种综合利用薄层单元和零长单元建模的两步模型修正方法,采用基于响应面优化的静态结构非线性分析以及基于随机统计学模型的粗糙表面接触分析进行薄层单元材料参数以及零长单元接触刚度系数识别,建立组合转子轴系动力学模型。根据某型发动机氢涡轮泵转子结构特点设计制造转子试件,对其自由模态进行试验研究,得到了不同螺纹预紧状态以及轴向预紧作用对组合转子轴系前两阶模态特性的影响。对比试验数据可知所提模型优化方法可以很好地反映出不同轴向预紧作用下组合转子轴系前两阶模态频率的变化趋势,在转子模态参数线性变化范围内计算误差小于1%,验证了该方法的正确性和有效性,为组合转子轴系精细化建模提供了参考依据。Acombined rotor shafting structure is the main structure of rotor systems in aero-space power equipment.The existence of contact surfaces in shafting makes the rotor dynamic characteristics difficult to be grasped,and a design risk arises when rotor working speed margin is involved.Considering the nonlinear connection parameters between different contact surfaces based on the characteristics of the single spindle multi components axial preloading structure of combined rotor shafting,a two-step model correction method based on thin-layer elements and zerolength elements modeling was proposed.Nonlinear analysis of the static structure based on response surface optimization and the contact analysis of rough surface based on a stochastic statistical model were used to identify the material parameters of thin-layer elements and the contact stiffness coefficients of zero-length elements,then the rotor dynamic model was established.According to the structural characteristics of an engine hydrogen-turbopump rotor,a rotor test piece was manufactured,and its free mode was experimentally studied to obtain the effects of different thread pre-tightening states and axial preloads on the first two orders of modal characteristics of the combined rotor shafting.Comparing with the experimental data,the proposed model optimization method can well reflect the variation trend of the first two orders of modal frequencies of the combined rotor shafting under different axial preloads,and the calculation error is less than 1%in the range of linear variation of rotor modal parameters,which verifies the correctness and validity of the method and provides a reference basis for the refined modeling of combined rotor shafting.

关 键 词：涡轮泵 组合转子轴系 模态特性 薄层单元 零长单元 参数识别 

分 类 号：TK14[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程] V434.3[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]