城市社区养老设施需求识别与空间配置模式——以天津市中心城区为例  

Research on Demand Identification and Spatial Configuration of Urban Community-based ElderlyCare Facilities in Urban Communities: A Case Study Based on Central Urban Area of Tianjin

作　　者：刘奕杉 刘丛红[1] 杨鸿玮[1] 程坦 LIU Yishan;LIU Conghong;YANG Hongwei;CHENG Tan

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2024年第2期94-104,共11页South Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52378029):健康视阈下社区养老设施“舒适感知-光热性能”关联机制与设计方法——以京津为例;天津市自然科学基金(21JCQNJC00450):基于优化算法的既有住区绿色更新决策模型研究—以京津冀地区为例。

摘　　要：在完善城市公共服务设施背景下,标准化配置的社区养老设施往往忽略了供需的精准匹配。立足于供需视角,聚焦不同人群特征对需求进行差异化探讨,运用安德森模型和Kano模型展开调研,判断被测群体需求层次和需求程度,通过需求影响因素的相关性分析和基于需求层次的聚类分析划分人群特征,提取典型群体,分析需求情况。结果表明,人群特征差异和功能空间差异均对需求有显著影响。基于此,分别建立了整体人群和典型人群功能空间配置模型,提出功能独立型社区养老设施配置模式,给出了一套可精准识别需求并合理配置功能空间的方法,为未来社区养老设施设计提供参考。Community-based elder care facilities can provide functional spaces to meet various demands and help them to realize"aging in place".However,standard configuration modes often ignore the accurate supply-demand matching and usually have many problems such as unreasonable functional configuration and difficulties in late operation.Hence,discussing the differentiated configuration of functional spaces according to demands of user groups to perfectly support urban public service facilities more scientifically has become a major social demand in the present stage.Through field surveys and deep analysis,a set of methods were proposed that could recognize demands accurately and help designers to configure community-based elder care facilities.First,population characteristics were extracted and divided by using the Anderson model based on three dimensions of predisposing characteristics while enabling resources and demand factors.A survey on preference of community-based elder care facilities was carried out by using above three dimensions as the initial influencing factors of preliminary survey questionnaire.According to preference and correlation analysis,functions with high demands and significant influencing factors were screened.Second,the screened functional demands and influencing factors were investigated by the Kano model questionnaire and voting data was collected by"two-way"questioning method.This can master demand information more comprehensively and guarantee accuracy of results.Third,the demand level was determined according to number of votes and the demand degree was measured by calculating the average satisfaction coefficient,thus making a comprehensive judgment on general demands of user groups.Finally,a cluster analysis of demand levels and demand degrees of 3 characteristic groups was carried out to determine demand differences.This can extract characteristics of high-demand groups from different dimensions,divide typical groups and recognize demands accurately.A field survey and analysis were carried

关 键 词：社区养老设施 空间配置模式 KANO模型 需求层次 需求程度 

分 类 号：TU-022[建筑科学—建筑理论] TU-023TU-025