哺乳动物精卵识别及阻止多精入卵机制的研究进展  

The progress in mammalian sperm-oocyte recognition and prevention of polyspermy

作　　者：石庐挺 江博文 刘国世[1] 张鲁[1] SHI Luting;JIANG Bowen;LIU Guoshi;ZHANG Lu(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《黑龙江动物繁殖》2024年第1期28-35,43,共9页Heilongjiang journal of animal reproduction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32372880);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1300603)。

摘　　要：哺乳动物卵子的受精过程是由减数分裂产生的高度特化的精子和卵子之间进行相互识别和融合的过程,其中精子与卵子透明带和质膜的特异性识别是完成正常受精的关键。正常条件下,一个精子和一个卵母细胞进行特异性识别后融合才能形成合子,并完成一系列的转变,从而开启新个体的发育。而多个精子通过卵子透明带和质膜会造成多精入卵现象,导致胚胎发育失败。精子与卵子相遇后,精子表面蛋白与卵子透明带糖蛋白及质膜蛋白之间的特异性识别,是保障正常受精并阻止多精入卵的关键。文章围绕精子与卵子透明带蛋白和质膜上负责特异性识别的蛋白及其相关作用机制进行了综述,并对皮质反应、透明带反应和卵黄膜反应在去除卵子对应特异性蛋白方面的作用进行探讨,以期为家畜体外受精技术的发展提供理论支持和新的思路。The process of mammalian egg fertilization involves recognition and fusion of highly specialized sperm and eggs produced by meiosis,during which,the recognition of the zona pellucida and plasma membrane of sperm and egg is essential for the completion of normal fertilization.Under normal conditions,a spermatozoon and an oocyte would undergo specific recognition and then fuse to form a syncytium and complete a series of transformations that would initiate the development of a new individual.The passage of multiple sperm through the zona pellucida and plasma membrane of the egg could result in the phenomenon of multiple sperm entering the egg,eventually,the failure of embryonic development.Therefore,specific recognition between sperm surface proteins and egg zona pellucida glycoproteins and plasma membrane proteins before sperm-egg fusion is crucial to ensure normal fertilization and prevent multiple sperm from entering the egg.This paper summarized the proteins responsible for the specific recognition between sperm and egg zona pellucida proteins and plasma membrane and the related mechanisms,and discussed the roles of cortical reaction,zona pellucida reaction and yolk membrane reaction in removing the corresponding specific proteins of the egg,with a view to providing theoretical support and new ideas for the development of the in vitro fertilization technology of domestic animals.

关 键 词：哺乳动物 精卵识别 透明带 卵黄膜 多精入卵 

分 类 号：Q954.44[生物学—动物学]