建筑间遮挡对光伏发电系统输出功率影响的研究  

RESEARCH ON IMPACT OF BUILDING OCCLUSION ON OUTPUT POWER OF PV POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS

作　　者：黄斌[1,2] 谢佩伶[1] 黄佳亮 廖力达 肖孟[1] 赵伟 Huang Bin;Xie Peiling;Huang Jialiang;Liao Lida;Xiao Meng;Zhao Wei(Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410004,China;University of South Australia,Adelaide 5095,Australia)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学,长沙410004 [2]南澳大学,阿德莱德5095

出　　处：《太阳能》2024年第2期45-53,共9页Solar Energy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目——建筑环境能耗与碳排放生命周期综合建模及对冲机理研究(51908064)。

摘　　要：城市建筑屋顶的光伏发电利用潜力与其遮挡条件密切相关。因此,仅根据太阳辐照度评估城市建筑屋顶光伏发电利用潜力,未考虑城市建筑之间的相互遮挡因素,会导致一些情景下的评估结果偏大。为了准确评估城市建筑屋顶光伏发电利用潜力,采用建筑相对朝向、容积面积比及建筑群垂直和水平分布这3个城市形态参数作为预测变量,采用3D建筑模型进行实验,模拟不同形态建筑遮挡,获得多组有效实验数据,对城市不同形态建筑间的遮挡系数进行了量化分析;借助数据统计分析软件SPSS对多组实验数据完成统计分析后,建立了建筑群预测遮挡统计模型,并以长沙市某小区为例对该统计模型的适用性进行了验证,预测了该小区不同情景下的建筑屋顶光伏发电利用潜力。结果显示:利用该统计模型可得到被遮挡建筑的阴影遮挡水平,从而能更好地利用建筑屋顶光伏发电。研究结果提供了一种量化城市屋顶光伏组件遮挡系数的方法,对实现光伏建筑一体化和可持续城市发展有推进作用,可在城市区域建筑规划阶段模拟和预测屋顶遮挡情况。The potential for PV power generation utilization on urban building roofs is closely related to their occlusion conditions.Therefore,evaluating the potential of urban building roofs PV power generation utilization solely based on solar irradiance without considering the mutual occlusion factors between urban buildings can lead to overestimation of evaluation results in some scenarios.In order to accurately evaluate the potential of urban building roofs PV power generation utilization,this paper selects three urban form parameters:relative orientation of buildings,volume to area ratio,and vertical and horizontal distribution of building clusters as predictive variables.A 3D building model is used for experiments to simulate different forms of building occlusion,and multiple sets of effective experimental data are obtained.The occlusion coefficients between different forms of buildings in the city are quantitatively analyzed.After conducting statistical analysis on multiple sets of experimental data using the data statistical analysis software SPSS,a predictive occlusion statistical model for building clusters is established.The applicability of the statistical model is verified using a residential area in Changsha as an example,and the potential for building roof PV power generation utilization under different scenarios in the residential area is predicted.The results show that using this statistical model can obtain the shadow occlusion level of the obstructed building,thereby better utilizing PV power generation on the roof of the building.The results of this study provide a method for quantifying the occlusion coefficient of urban roof PV modules,which has a promoting effect on achieving PV building integration and sustainable urban development.It can simulate and predict the situation of roof occlusion during the urban regional building planning stage.

关 键 词：光伏发电 城市建筑屋顶 建筑间遮挡 利用潜力 阴影遮挡 预测 

分 类 号：TU18[建筑科学—建筑理论] TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]