膨化制粒和环模制粒工艺对饲料制粒加工质量和凡纳滨对虾生长性能的影响  

Effects of Sinking Extruded-Feed and Pelleted Feed on Pelleted Feed Quality and Growth of Pacific White Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)

作　　者：蔡友旺 黄翃飞 李小勤[1,2,3] 冷向军[1,2,3] Cai Youwang;Huang Hongfei;Li Xiaoqin;Leng Xiangjun(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition(CREEFN)of the Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306)

机构地区：[1]水产科学国家级试验教学示范中心,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [2]农业部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海海洋大学,上海201306 [3]水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2023年第11期163-169,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900200)。

摘　　要：研究比较了膨化制粒和环模制粒工艺对饲料制粒加工质量和凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料利用、肝胰腺和肠道组织学的影响。设计鱼粉质量分数为20%的基础饲料,分别采用环模制粒和膨化制粒的方式,生产硬颗粒饲料和沉性膨化颗粒饲料,在检测饲料制粒加工质量指标后,饲喂初质量为7.72 g的凡纳滨对虾6周。和硬颗粒饲料相比,沉性膨化颗粒饲料的容重、耐久性指数和淀粉糊化度显著增加(P<0.05),硬度和含粉率显著降低(P<0.05),但二者在溶失率上没有显著差异(P>0.05)。经过6周养殖后,沉性膨化颗粒饲料组的饲料系数显著低于硬颗粒饲料组(P<0.05),虾体增重率在数值上高于硬颗粒饲料组(P>0.05);二者在摄食量、成活率、含肉率、全虾组成和肝胰腺消化酶、糖代谢相关酶活性方面均无显著差异(P>0.05);在肝胰腺和肠道组织学方面,摄食沉性膨化颗粒饲料和硬颗粒饲料的凡纳滨对虾均表现为组织结构清晰完整,未见明显的损伤。沉性膨化颗粒饲料较硬颗粒饲料具有更优的加工性能和更高的饲料利用效率(更低的饲料系数),二者对于凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺消化酶、糖代谢相关酶活性和肝胰腺、肠道组织学方面具有基本一致的影响。In this study,the pellet characteristics of sinking extruded-feed,pelleted feed and their effects on the growth,feed utilization,hepatopancreas and intestinal histology of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)were compared.First,a basal diet was formulated to contain 20%fishmeal,then the diet was made by compressing or extruding to form two sinking diets,named as pelleted feed and sinking extruded-feed.After the evaluation of pellet characteristics,the two diets were fed to shrimp with initial body weight of(7.72±0.01)g for 6 weeks.Compared to pelleted feed,sinking extruded-feed showed higher bulk density,pellet durability index,starch gelatinization degree(P<0.05)and lower percentage of fines and hardness(P<0.05),while no difference was detected in dissolution loss for both feeds(P>0.05).After 6 weeks of feeding,the shrimp fed with sinking extruded-feed showed significantly lower feed conversion ratio(FCR)(P<0.05)and numerically higher weight gain(P>0.05)than that fed with pelleted feed.Both groups presented the similar feed intake,survival,meat yield,whole body composition,hepatopancreas activities of digestive enzymes and glucose metabolism-related enzymes(P>0.05).In hepatopancreas and intestinal histology,clear structure was observed without obvious injure for both groups.In conclusion,sinking extruded-feed showed better pellet characteristics and utilization(lower FCR)than pelleted feed,and both feeds had the similar effects on hepatopancreas activities of digestive enzymes,glucose metabolism-related enzymes and hepatopancreas and intestinal histology.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 沉性膨化颗粒饲料 硬颗粒饲料 制粒加工质量 生长性能 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖] S816.9[农业科学—水产科学]