信用评级与农户内部收入差距——基于准自然实验的追踪研究  

Credit Rating and Income Gap among Rural Households:Tracking Research Based on Quasi-natural Experiment

作　　者：张宁 羊泽寅 喻晓芬 刘丹 ZHANG Ning;YANG Zeyin;YU Xiaofen;LIU Dan

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学金融学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2024年第2期128-144,共17页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“乡村振兴战略背景下的中国农户信用评级:机制、效应与制度优化”(编号:71873065);教育部人文社会科学研究项目“中国农户信用评级的效应分析研究:基于农户、金融机构和市场的角度”(编号:18YJC790220)。

摘　　要：本文立足中国农户信用评级基本制度,论述了信用评级对农户内部收入差距扩大的缓解作用,并进一步分析了不同制度安排的影响差异。同时,以试验区开展村庄逐户评级为契机,基于湖南省调研数据进行了实证检验。结果表明,信用评级对村庄基尼系数的增长具有显著的抑制作用,而对低收入户收入占比的增长具有显著的促进作用;检验作用机制发现,相较于高收入农户,信用评级对提高低收入农户信贷需求及可获性的积极影响更加显著;制度安排方面,在村两委参与程度较高,以及评定等级绑定利率优惠的制度安排下,信用评级的效果增强。基于此,本文认为,应鼓励农村金融机构开展农户信用评级,重视村两委在缓解市场信息不对称中的积极作用,并考虑将评定等级绑定利率优惠,以实现农村金融的“普”与“惠”,促进共同富裕。Based on the basic system of farmers'credit rating in China,this paper discusses the mitigation effect of credit rating on the expansion of farmers'internal income gap,and further analyzes the differences in the impact of different institutional arrangements.At the same time,taking the opportunity of household-by-household rating in the experimental area,this paper makes an empirical test based on the survey data of farmers in Hunan Province.The results show that credit rating has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the village's Gini coefficient,while it has a significant promoting effect on the growth of income proportion of low-income households.The test mechanism finds that compared with high-income farmers,credit rating has a more significant positive impact on improving the credit demand and availability of low-income farmers.In terms of institutional arrangements,the effect of credit rating is enhanced under the institutional arrangements of high participation of the two village committees and preferential interest rates binding to the rating.Based on this,we believe that rural financial institutions should be encouraged to carry out farmers'credit rating in practice,paying attention to the positive effect of the two village committees in alleviating market information asymmetry,and considering binding the rating with preferential interest rates,so as to achieve the“universality”and“benefit”of rural finance and promote common prosperity.

关 键 词：农户信用评级 收入差距 准自然实验 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F832.43