锂硫催化:缘起与展望  

Catalysis in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries:Origin and Prospect

作　　者：江欣 张辰 吕伟 张炳森[5] 杨全红[1,2] JIANG Xin;ZHANG Chen;LV Wei;ZHANG Bingsen;YANG Quan-Hong(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon and Electrochemical Energy Storage,Tianjin 300350,China;School of Marine Science and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300350 [2]天津市先进碳与电化学储能重点实验室,天津300350 [3]天津大学海洋科学与技术学院,天津300072 [4]清华大学深圳国际研究生院,广东深圳518055 [5]中国科学院金属研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第2期428-441,共14页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51932005);国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0500600)。

摘　　要：锂硫电池因具有高理论能量密度(2600 W·h/kg)、低成本、环境友好等优点成为最具有应用前景的储能系统之一,但多硫化物的穿梭效应阻碍了其实用化进程。在锂硫电池中引入催化作用,被认为是加快硫转化反应动力学,抑制穿梭效应最有效的策略之一。本文从锂硫电池化学角度出发,系统梳理了“锂硫催化”研究方向的缘起、催化机制及催化剂研究进展,提出了指导锂硫催化剂理性设计的活性描述符,最后对锂硫电池实用化进程进行了展望。Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery is considered as a next generation energy storage system with a great application prospect because of its high theoretical energy density(i.e.,2600 W·h/kg),low cost and environmental friendliness.However,the shuttling of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs)is considered as one of the main bottlenecks hindering the commercial application of Li-S batteries.Conventional physical confinement and chemisorption are proved to be important strategies to solve a problem of shuttle effect,but they are still“passive”solutions and cannot solve the problem from the source.The shuttle effect is due to the slow transformation of the liquid intermediate LiPSs(i.e.,Li_(2)S_(n),4≤n≤8)to the solid product Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S,which accumulates continuously in the electrolyte and diffuses to the negative electrode driven in the concentration gradient and electric field.The introduction of high-efficiency catalysts can reduce the energy barrier of sulfur conversion,accelerate a“solid-liquid-solid”conversion process,improve the utilization of sulfur,and inhibit the shuttle effect,playing a key role in improving the capacity and cycling performance of the battery.Therefore,a further understanding the sulfur conversion process in Li-S battery chemistry and putting forward the fundamental method to promote the rapid conversion of LiPSs and the uniform deposition of solid products from the perspective of electrocatalytic reaction kinetics can have important theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the practical development of Li-S battery.In the chemical industry,catalysts can reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions and increase the reaction rate.The desulfurization technology in conventional sulfur chemistry gives inspirations for the catalysis in Li-S battery.The key to this technology is that the C—S bond in petroleum distillate is broken by multi-step catalytic hydrogenation,and sulfur is gradually removed in the form of H_(2)S.The charge-discharge process of Li-S battery

关 键 词：锂硫电池 催化 穿梭效应 功能催化剂 活性描述符 

分 类 号：TQ152[化学工程—电化学工业]