海南岛冬季暴雨的时空分布及大尺度环流场特征分析  

Analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution and large-scale circulation characteristics of winter heavy rainfall in Hainan Island

作　　者：曾敏[1,2] 王咏青 冯文[3] ZENG Min;WANG Yongqing;FENG Wen(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters,Ministry of Education/School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Tunchang Meteorological Bureau,Hainan Tunchang 571600,China;Hainan Province Meteorological Bureau,Haikou 570203,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/气象灾害教育部重点实验室/大气科学学院,南京210044 [2]屯昌县气象局,海南屯昌571600 [3]海南省气象局,海口570203

出　　处：《气象科学》2023年第5期589-599,共11页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(422RC803);广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目(2020B1111200001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(42230105)。

摘　　要：利用海南岛气象观测站逐日降水整编资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)ERA5再分析资料,分析了1991-2020年海南岛冬季暴雨的时空分布及环流特征。结果表明:海南岛冬季暴雨在月际分布(12月-次年2月)上存在较大差异性,降雨量级越大,差异越明显;在空间分布上也存在显著的地域性,东部地区发生频次最高,总体上呈现东多西少的分布特征。海南岛冬季暴雨的水汽输送主要以偏东方向为主,气流来自副高南侧的偏东气流和大陆冷高压东南侧的东北气流。海南岛冬季暴雨发生期间,相对气候平均态而言,偏东低空急流较为强劲,中南半岛南支槽形态明显,副高偏北偏西偏强,南亚高压西北向的出流偏强,且南海海域存在显著的海温正距平。Based on the daily precipitation data from surface observations and the ERA5 reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast(ECMWF),the spatiotemporal distribution and circulation characteristics of winter heavy rainfall in Hainan Island from 1991 to 2020 are analyzed.Results show that the inter-monthly(December-February)distribution of winter heavy rainfall in Hainan differ markedly,namely,the greater the rainfall intensity,the more obvious is the difference.We also found a distinct regional variation with the highest frequency of rainfall occurrence in the eastern region and much less in the western region.This is attributable to the water vapor transport into Hainan Island that is mainly from the easterly flow in the southern portion of the subtropical high and the northeasterly flow in the southeast of the continental cold high.As compared with the regional climate,the occurrence of winter heavy rainfall in Hainan Island is characterized with a stronger easterly low-level jet,a more obvious southern trough structure over the Indo-China peninsula,a fairly strong subtropical high,and a stronger outflow of the South Asian high to the northwest as well as a significant positive SST anomaly in the South China Sea.

关 键 词：海南岛冬季 暴雨 时空分布 大尺度环流 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]