新时代中国县乡基本公共服务配置的财政基础、空间均衡与实践逻辑  

The Fiscal Basis,Spatial Balance,and Practical Logic of Allocating Basic Public Services in Counties and Townships in the New Era

作　　者：张楠 赵倪可 高明 ZHANG Nan;ZHAO Nike;GAO Ming

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学财政税务学院 [2]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院 [3]重庆理工大学经济金融学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2023年第12期2-22,共21页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“基础教育机会不平等与财政政策干预:治理逻辑、效应评估与优化设计”(编号:72103166);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“城市相对贫困长效治理的财税政策优化研究”(编号:21YJC790161);西南财经大学“光华英才工程”的资助。

摘　　要：本文初步构建一个基本公共服务形成机制框架,重点阐述供给端的财政制度改革脉络,并采用549万个服务设施点位大数据信息,测算基础教育、医疗卫生和文化体育三类公共服务设施的地理空间分布、均等化程度和边际受益归宿。结果显示:第一,新时代以来,县乡基本公共服务供给水平大幅提高,特别是在原集中连片特困地区和革命老区实现翻倍增长;第二,基本公共服务在空间上呈现高集聚特征,但整体上区域差距呈缩小态势,非均衡现象在逐步改善;第三,基本公共服务配置事实上践行了财政保障机制设计理念,“十三五”时期经济发展落后和地理区位处于劣势的地区受益更大,基础教育供给表现出更加偏向欠发达地区的包容性。本研究对于完善公共服务供给模式、搭建共建共享机制以及推进财政治理体系现代化具有重要的政策启示。This paper preliminarily constructs a framework for the formation mechanism of basic public services,focusing on the reform of the fiscal system on the supply side.We adopt big data of 5.49 million service facilities points to measure the spatial distribution,degree of equalization,and marginal benefit incidence of three types of public service facilities regarding elementary education,healthcare,and culture and sports.The results show that,the level of basic public service provision in counties and townships has increased dramatically since the new era,especially in the former contiguous areas of dire poverty and the old revolutionary base areas where the level has doubled.The distribution of basic public services still exhibits high spatial agglomeration,but the overall regional disparities are narrowing and divides are gradually bridged.The basic public service allocation has practiced the design concept of fiscal security mechanism,which has benefited more the regions with backward economic development and geographical disadvantages during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,enjoying favorable supply of elementary education.This study has important policy implications for improving the mode of public service provision,establishing a co-building and sharing mechanism,and promoting the modermization of the fiscal governance system.

关 键 词：基本公共服务 财政基础 空间均衡 边际受益归宿 

分 类 号：F810.2[经济管理—财政学] F812.2