无阿片联合区域阻滞麻醉对后腹腔镜肾脏手术患者术后恢复质量的影响  

Effects of Combined Opioid-free and Loco-regional Anesthesia on the Quality of Recovery after Retrolaparoscopic Renal Surgery

作　　者：高寒 蒋蕴茹 王清峰 刘泓妍 赵林林 GAO Han;JIANG Yunru;WANG Qingfeng(Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University,Jiangsu 221000,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州医科大学麻醉学院,221004 [2]徐州医科大学附属医院麻醉科,221002

出　　处：《医学研究杂志》2023年第12期177-181,185,共6页Journal of Medical Research

摘　　要：目的观察无阿片麻醉联合腰方肌阻滞在后腹腔镜肾脏手术中对术后恢复质量的影响。方法择期行后腹腔镜肾脏手术的患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为无阿片药物麻醉组(opioid-free anesthesia,OFA组)和阿片药物麻醉组(OA组)各30例。两组均于麻醉诱导前30min行超声引导下前路腰方肌阻滞。OFA组麻醉泵注右美托咪定,以丙泊酚、咪达唑仑、艾司氯胺酮、罗库溴铵进行诱导,以右美托咪定、丙泊酚、七氟烷维持麻醉并间断推注艾司氯胺酮;OA组予丙泊酚、咪达唑仑、舒芬太尼、罗库溴铵麻醉诱导,给予瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚、七氟烷维持。两组术后均予静脉自控镇痛。记录两组不同时间点的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和心率(heart rate,HR)、术后2、6、12、24、48h的静息、运动疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)。以QoR-40量表比较两组术后24h恢复质量,记录患者术后镇痛情况、不良反应及恢复情况。结果OFA组QoR-40各项评分及总质量评分均高于OA组(P<0.05),OFA组术后疼痛、术后阿片药物消耗量、恶心、呕吐发生率、补救止吐人数、补救镇痛人数均减少(P<0.05),术后下床、首次排气时间、住院时间减短(P<0.05)。结论与阿片麻醉比较,无阿片麻醉联合腰方肌阻滞可以明显改善后腹腔镜肾脏手术患者术后恢复质量,减轻术后疼痛,减少术后阿片药物用量,促进患者术后康复。Objective To observe the effect of combined opioid-free and loco-regional anesthesia on the quality of recovery after retrolaparoscopic renal surgery.Methods Sixty patients undergoing elective retrolaparoscopic renal surgery were divided into two groups(30 patients per group):the opioid-free anesthesia group(OFA group)and conventional anesthesia group with opioid(OA group)using the random number table method.Both groups underwent ultrasound-guided anterior quadratus lumbar block(QLB)30minutes before induction of anesthesia.In the OFA group,dexmedetomidine was given before induction,and induction was performed with propofol,midazolam,esketamine,and rocuronium,maintained with dexmedetomidine,propofol,sevoflurane anesthesia,and intermittent push of esketamine.In the OA group,propofol,midazolam,sufentanil,and rocuronium were given to induce anesthesia and maintained with remifentanil,propofol,and sevoflurane.Both groups were given intravenous self-administered analgesia after surgery.The mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)at different time points,and the resting and motor VAS scores at 2,6,12,24 and 48h after surgery were recorded.QoR-40 was used to compare the quality of recovery at 24 hours after surgery between the two groups,and adverse effects and recovery of patients were recorded.Results QoR-40 scores were higher in the OFA group than that in the OA group(P<0.05).Postoperative pain,postoperative opioid consumption,and incidence of nausea and vomiting were reduced in the OFA group(P<0.05);and time to first ambulation,first exhaustion,and length of hospital stay were all reduced(P<0.05).Conclusion Opioid-free anesthesia combined with quadratus lumbar block can significantly improve the quality of postoperative recovery,reduce postoperative pain,reduce postoperative opioid drug consumption,and promote postoperative recovery in patients undergoing retrolaparoscopic renal surgery.

关 键 词：无阿片麻醉 腰方肌阻滞 后腹腔镜肾脏手术 术后恢复质量 

分 类 号：R614[医药卫生—麻醉学]