清代里下河滨海地区的水环境变化和围田筑圩的行政运作——以《东台县富安场安澜圩堤修筑史料》为中心  

The Change of Water Environment and the Administrative Operation of Building Dikes in the Lixia Coastal Area in Qing Dynasty:A Focus on Historical Records on the Construction of Polders in Fuanchang of Dongtai

作　　者：徐应桃 Xu Yingtao

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文学院

出　　处：《农业考古》2024年第1期158-165,共8页Agricultural Archaeology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“7—20世纪长江三角洲海岸带环境变迁史料的搜集、整理与研究”(项目编号:20&ZD231)。

摘　　要：清代以来,里下河地区受黄淮湖运西水东注的影响,水患频发。学界对该区域的研究多围绕客水过境为灾展开。事实上,域内地理环境的差异性导致水患多集中在里下河腹部低洼区,滨海堆积区的受灾范围一直相对较小,发生史也较前者晚得多。《东台县富安场安澜圩堤修筑史料》的发现和解读,一定程度上契合了人们对里下河地区水患频发的认知,但该史料表明,地处滨海堆积区的东台县在嘉道时期才出现严重的洪灾。地方为适应环境变化,开始围田筑圩。州县官员作为地方行政的唯一责任人,是修筑工程决策和政令实施的关键,巡检司佐以协济监工,乡保庄董则为工程筑造的实际执行者,地方圩田修筑的实质是官督民修。Since the Qing Dynasty,the Lixia river area had been affected by the water injection from the Yellow River,the Huaihe River,Hongze Lake and the Canal River,resulting in frequent flood disasters.The academic researches on this area mostly focus on the disasters caused by the transit of passengers and water.In fact,the difference of geographical environment in the region led to the floods mostly concentrated in the low-lying area of the belly of the Lixia river,and the disaster scope of the coastal accumulation area had been relatively small,and the occurrence history is much later than the former.The discovery and interpretation of Historical Records on the Construction of Polders in Fuanchang of Dongtai County,to a certain extent,verifies people’s cognition of frequent flood disasters in Lixia river area,but the historical materials show that Dongtai County,located in the coastal accumulation area,did not have serious floods until the reign of Emperor Jiaqing and Daoguang.In order to adapt to environmental changes,the local government began to enclose fields to build dikes.As the only responsible body for local administration,state and county officials were the key to the decision-making and implementation of construction projects,the inspection chief was to assist the supervision of work,and the township manager was the actual implementor of the project construction,the essence of the local polder construction is the fact that the government supervised the people to repair.

关 键 词：农业档案史料 里下河 环境变化 圩田修筑 行政运作 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]