兼具优良氮磷吸附性能和电化学性能的活性炭筛选及其构效关系解析  

Screening of activated carbon with excellent nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption capacity and electrochemical properties and analysis of its structure-activity relationship

作　　者：张长平[1,2] 王昭宇 王晓欧 ZHANG Changping;WANG Zhaoyu;WANG Xiaoou(School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Hebei University of Technology,Tianjin 300401,China;Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization and Pollutant Control in Tianjin,Tianjin 300401,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工业大学能源与环境工程学院,天津300401 [2]天津市清洁能源利用与污染物控制重点实验室,天津300401

出　　处：《河北工业大学学报》2024年第1期62-73,共12页Journal of Hebei University of Technology

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2020202027);河北省引进留学人员资助项目(C20200316)。

摘　　要：选取6种前驱体(煤、椰壳、核桃壳、桃壳、枣壳、杏壳)的商用活性炭,对其理化性质与其氮磷吸附性能和电化学性能之间进行构效关系解析。结果表明:活性炭对氨氮以单分子层物理吸附为主,对磷酸盐以多分子层化学吸附为主,对活性炭氨氮和磷酸盐吸附性能起主要作用的分别是其微孔结构和其表面羟基、羰基官能团;椰壳、核桃壳和桃壳活性炭具有较高的氨氮吸附容量;椰壳、煤质、核桃壳和桃壳活性炭具有较高的磷酸盐吸附容量。良好的介孔分布、高比表面积、羟基和羧基官能团会显著提高活性炭的电容属性,使其具有良好的电子和质子传输能力;良好的微孔分布会降低活性炭的材料电阻;活性炭明显的褶皱形态会使溶液中的电解质离子更容易渗透到电极表面。煤质和椰壳活性炭展现出典型的双层电容特性以及更为优良的电荷存储性能,而椰壳和核桃壳活性炭具有较低的材料电阻和较高的离子易渗透性。综上所述,椰壳活性炭兼具优良的氮磷吸附性能和电化学性能,是人工湿地-微生物燃料电池耦合系统的理想填料。Six kinds of commercial activated carbon with different precursors(coal,coconut shell,walnut shell,peach shell,jujube shell and apricot shell)were selected,and the structure-activity relationships between their physicochemi-cal properties and their nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption capacity as well as the electrochemical properties were ana-lyzed.The results show that,ammonia nitrogen was adsorbed on activated carbons mainly by monolayer physical adsorp-tion,phosphate was adsorbed on activated carbons mainly by multi-molecular layer chemical adsorption,and it was the microporous structure and hydroxyl,carbonyl functional groups that played a major role in the adsorption of ammonia ni-trogen and phosphate on activated carbons,respectively;coconut shell,walnut shell and peach shell activated carbons possessed relatively high adsorption capacity for ammonia nitrogen;coconut shell,coal,walnut shell and peach shell acti-vated carbons possessed relatively high adsorption capacity for phosphate.Better mesoporous distribution,higher specif-ic surface area,and hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups could significantly improve the capacitive properties of acti-vated carbons,and endow activated carbons with good transmission capabilities for electrons and protons;and better mi-cropore distribution could reduce the material resistance of activated carbons;the obvious wrinkled morphology of acti-vated carbons could make it easier for electrolyte ions in solution to penetrate into the electrode surface.Coal and coco-nut shell activated carbons showed typical double-layer capacitance characteristics and better charge storage perfor-mance,while coconut shell and walnut shell activated carbons had lower material resistance and higher ion permeability.In conclusion,coconut shell activated carbon had both excellent nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption capacity and elec-trochemical properties,and was the ideal substrate for constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell systems.

关 键 词：活性炭 吸附性能 电化学性能 氨氮 磷酸盐 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]