火星探测器进入过程防热层温度测量方法  

A method for measuring temperature of the heat shield during entry of Mars rover

作　　者：邹昕[1] 饶炜[1] 李莹 韩承志 张荣华 高阳 ZOU Xin;RAO Wei;LI Ying;HAN Chengzhi;ZHANG Ronghua;GAO Yang(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Research Institute of Telemetry,Beijing 100076,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]北京遥测技术研究所,北京100076

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2024年第1期68-73,共6页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

基　　金：国家重大科技专项工程。

摘　　要：火星探测器进入过程中的防热层烧蚀温度是防热结构设计和气动热环境辨识的关键参数之一。为了满足防热层温度在轨测量的需求,提出采用柱塞式结构大底分层测温探头和U形结构背罩测温探头,与电缆和多通道温度变换器共同组成温度传感器进行在轨测温的方法。设计内容包括测温探头热电偶元件选取、结构形式和安装方式,以及信号集中放大变换和自动冷端补偿等。开展全量程标定和风洞专项试验验证,证明所设计的温度传感器可以实现1300℃以下烧蚀温度变化全过程测量,测量精度达到0.28%。该温度传感器已在我国首次火星探测任务“天问一号”探测器的着陆巡视器上成功应用,可为进/再入航天器烧蚀温度在轨测量的实施提供借鉴和参考。Ablation temperature of the heat shield during the entry of Mars probe is one of the key parameters for thermal insulation structure design and aerothermal environment identification.To meet the requirements of in-orbit temperature measurement of thermal insulation layer,a method using the temperature sensor composed of a plunger type structure probe to measure stratified temperatures of the bottom and a Ushaped structure probe to measure the temperature of the back shell,together with cables and multi-channel temperature converters,was proposed.The design included the selection of thermocouple elements,the structural style and the installation mode of the temperature probe,as well as the centralized signal amplification transformation and automatic cold junction compensation.Full range calibration and special wind tunnel test verification were conducted.It is proved that,with the designed temperature sensor,the full process measurement of the ablation temperature change below 1300℃can be achieved with a measurement accuracy of 0.28%.The temperature sensor has been successfully applied to China’s first Mars probe Tianwen-1.The proposed research may provide a reference for the in-orbit ablation temperature measurement for entry/re-entry of spacecraft.

关 键 词：火星进入过程 温度传感器 柱塞式结构 U形结构 热电偶 

分 类 号：TH811[机械工程—仪器科学与技术] V416.5[机械工程—精密仪器及机械]