违法记录消除的正当性基础  

The Justification of Eliminating Illegal Records

作　　者：余凌云[1] 黄味 YU Lingyun;HUANG Wei

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2024年第1期69-86,共18页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：违法记录是对客观法秩序违反的忠实记载,本质是一种面向未来发生预防效果的评价机制,实践中主要表现为责任的裁量依据或是资格的限制条件。信息登记机关应当严格遵守实定法的有关规定,控制违法记录可能产生的外部影响。对于法律暂时没有明确的、相对人可能遭受的非规范性评价,有必要通过《治安管理处罚法》的修改作出回应,尽可能平衡制度预防所能实现的公益和信息主体可能受到的损害。从源头保存和末端使用两个阶段,针对性解决司法实务暴露出的问题。一方面限缩违法记录的概念,不保存未经生效文书确认和处罚不予执行的违法记录。另一方面扩大封存的范围,按违法记录使用的关联价值,限制超出了法定或意定预防功能的信息披露,赋予信息主体相应的诉权。The illegal record is the faithful record of the violation of the objective legal order.In essence,it is an evaluation mechanism for the prevention effect of future occurrence.In practical application,the illegal record is mainly manifested as the discretion basis of responsibility or the restriction condition of qualification.The information registration authority shall strictly abide by the provisions of positive laws and control the possible external influence of illegal records.At the same time,it is necessary to respond to the non-normative evaluation that is not clarified by the law.Through the amendment of Public Security Administration Punishments Law,the information subjects may be subjected to the balance of the public benefits that can be delivered by the prevention of law and the damage that the information subject may be subject to.And the problems exposed by judicial practice can be cured in two stages:source preservation and end use.On the one hand,limit the concept of illegal records,as evidenced by excluding that are not confirmed by effective legal documents or not enforced by penalties.On the other hand,expand the scope of the sealing of illegal records,as evidenced by limiting the disclosure of information that exceeds the statutory or intended preventive function,and give information subjects the corresponding right of appeal in accordance with the relevant value of the purpose.

关 键 词：违法记录 封存 消除 直接关联 

分 类 号：D922[政治法律—法学]