呼吸道过敏性疾病与呼吸道感染性疾病儿童血清过敏原sIgE抗体情况分析  

Analysis of serum sIgE to allergens in children with respiratory allergic or infectious diseases

作　　者：姜茜 秦晓松[1] JIANG Qian;QIN Xiaosong(Department of Laboratory Medicine,Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University,Shenyang 110004,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属盛京医院检验科,沈阳110004

出　　处：《临床检验杂志》2024年第1期6-11,共6页Chinese Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science

基　　金：辽宁省新冠肺炎疫情防控应急科研攻关定向项目(2022JH2/10300001)。

摘　　要：目的分析呼吸道过敏性疾病与呼吸道感染性疾病患儿血清过敏原分布情况,为儿童呼吸道过敏性疾病与感染性疾病的预防及治疗提供依据。方法根据病历资料回顾性纳入2019年4月至2022年6月就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院门诊或住院部且经临床确诊为呼吸道过敏性疾病以及呼吸道感染性疾病的1~14岁(中位数5岁)患儿2334例,采用Phadia 250全自动荧光酶免疫检测系统及其配套检测试剂检测患儿血清中各种过敏原的表达水平,并使用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件进行统计学分析。结果在呼吸道过敏性疾病(1151例)患儿中过敏原sIgE阳性率为75.85%,在呼吸道感染性疾病(1183例)患儿中为47.68%;哮喘组过敏原主要为尘螨混合(44.18%),其次为霉菌混合(40.64%),过敏性鼻炎组主要为尘螨混合与杂草花粉混合,均为52.51%;呼吸道感染性疾病常见过敏原为霉菌混合(27.81%),其次为尘螨混合(24.77%);在不同年龄组中,<7岁的患儿过敏原主要为霉菌混合(33.31%),随着年龄的增加,不同组合过敏原的阳性率均增加;≥7岁组尘螨混合、毛屑混合、杂草花粉混合过敏原sIgE的阳性率均显著高于≤3岁组和4~6岁组(P均<0.0001);男性患儿过敏原sIgE阳性率为64.33%,高于女性患儿的56.33%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.29,P=0.0002);在各疾病组中,尘螨混合与杂草花粉混合过敏原阳性患儿sIgE水平在1~6级别均有分布,6级水平在过敏性鼻炎组分布率最高;各疾病组均以1种过敏原或2种过敏原组合为主,且随着过敏原组合数的增多,阳性比率逐渐降低;过敏性鼻炎组tIgE水平显著高于哮喘组、上呼吸道感染组和下呼吸道感染组(P均<0.005)。结论尘螨混合、霉菌混合是哮喘患儿常见的过敏原,杂草花粉混合、尘螨混合是过敏性鼻炎患儿常见的过敏原。随着年龄的增长,患儿对尘螨、霉菌、毛屑、杂草花粉过敏均越来越多。Objective To investigate the distribution of serum allergens in children with respiratory allergic or infectious diseases,and then provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of children′s respiratory allergic and infectious diseases.Methods The clinical data of 2334 children aged 1 to 14 years old(median 5 years)visited Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University from April 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.All the children were diagnosed with respiratory allergic or infectious diseases.The Phadia 250 automatic fluorescence enzyme immunoassay system and its supporting detection reagents were used to detect serum sIgE to allergens and statistical analysis was conducted using the GraphPad Prism 8.0 software.Results The positive rates of sIgE to allergens in children with respiratory allergic diseases(n=1151)and respiratory infectious diseases(n=1183)were 75.85%and 47.68%,respectively.The main allergen in the children with asthma was a mixture of dust mites(44.18%),followed by a mixture of fungi(40.64%).The main allergens in the children with allergic rhinitis were a mixture of dust mites and weed pollen,both accounting for 52.51%.The common allergen of respiratory infectious diseases was mold mixture(27.81%),followed by a mixture of dust mites(24.77%).The main allergen in children under 7 years old was a mixture of fungi(33.31%).As age increased,the positive rates of allergens in different combinations increased.The positive rates of serum sIgE to dust mite mixture,dander mixture,and weed pollen mixture in children aged≥7 years old were significantly higher than those in children aged≤3 years old and 4-6 years old(P<0.0001).The positive rate of serum sIgE to allergens in male patients(64.33%)was significantly higher than that in female patients(56.33%,χ^(2)=14.29,P=0.0002).Among various disease groups,the levels of sIgE to dust mite mixture and weed pollen mixture were distributed at levels 1-6,with the highest distribution rate at level 6 in allergic rhinitis.Each disease

关 键 词：过敏原 儿童 特异性IGE 总IGE 呼吸系统疾病 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学] R392.8[医药卫生—临床医学]