论惩罚性赔偿制度扩张的法理阐释  

Jurisprudential Interpretation of the Expansion of Punitive Compensation System

作　　者：刘奇英 侯玉花[2] Liu Qiying;Hou Yuhua(School of Law,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035,China;Shanxi Academy of Social Sciences,Taiyuan 030032,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学法学院,浙江温州325035 [2]山西省社会科学院,太原030032

出　　处：《晋阳学刊》2024年第1期130-138,共9页Academic Journal of Jinyang

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金一般项目“《民法典》中的公法规范研究”(项目编号:20BFX104)。

摘　　要：惩罚性赔偿是一种加重赔偿的特殊民事责任,本是填补性赔偿原则的例外和补充,但《民法典》及一系列相关法律和司法解释对惩罚性赔偿的规定表明,惩罚性赔偿制度有日渐扩张适用的趋势。这种扩张适用的法理依据是以公法之长克私法之短,以严惩恶意侵权;其现实基础表现为风险社会倾向的进一步加深、食品药品安全形势严峻、恶意侵权屡禁不止以及环境治理乏力等;其经济动因则体现在降低并内化预防成本、弥补被低估的损失、引导受害人积极追偿、防止侵权人逃脱责任和鼓励事先交易等。通过惩罚性赔偿制度的扩张,可以打击主观恶性极强的严重侵权行为并更好地救济受害人,醇化社会风气,弘扬社会主义核心价值观。Punitive compensation is a special civil liability for aggravating the compensation,which is originally an exception and supplement to the principle of compensatory damages.However,the provisions on punitive compensation in the Civil Code and a series of relevant laws and judicial interpretations indicate that the punitive compensation system has a tendency to expand increasingly.To this kind of expansion application,its legal basis is that it uses the strength of public law to overcome the weakness of private law,so as to severely punish malicious infringement;its realistic basis manifests to be the further deepening of the tendency of risk society,the severe situation of food and drug safety,the repeated prohibition of malicious infringement,and the weak environmental governance;and its economic motivation is reflected in reducing and internalizing the prevention cost,making up for the underestimated loss,guiding the victims to claim actively,preventing torfeasors from escaping liability and encouraging ex-ante transaction.Through the expansion of the punitive compensation system,serious tort with strong subjective malignancy can be cracked down,victims can get better remedies,the social atmosphere can be alcoholized,and the core socialist values can be promoted.

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 扩张 法理依据 现实基础 经济动因 

分 类 号：DF312[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]