不同生育期干旱胁迫条件下施钾对水稻生理性状和产量的影响  

Effects of Potassium Addition on Physiological Characteristics and Grain Yield under Drought Stress Condition in Different Growth Stages of Rice

作　　者：熊志豪 杨丞 张赓[2] 李旭春 李小坤[1,4] XIONG Zhihao;YANG Cheng;ZHANG Geng;LI Xuchun;LI Xiaokun(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Conservation in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Agricultural Technology and Extension Center of Jingmen,Jingmen,Hubei 448000,China;Shuangshui ShuanglüInstitute,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [3]湖北省荆门市农业技术推广中心,湖北荆门448000 [4]华中农业大学双水双绿研究院,武汉430070

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第1期140-150,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

摘　　要：明确不同生育时期干旱胁迫对水稻影响与钾素调控干旱胁迫机制,可为水稻的钾素管理和节水抗旱提供理论依据。采用不同时期水分和钾素管理两因素盆栽试验,设置施钾(+K)、不施钾(–K)两个钾肥处理;有效分蘖期干旱胁迫(TD)、孕穗期干旱胁迫(BD)、灌浆期干旱胁迫(MD)和正常灌溉(WW)四个水分处理,分析在不同生育期干旱胁迫钾肥对水稻产量和生理性状的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫显著降低了稻谷产量,TD、BD、MD处理相较于WW处理,在–K条件下稻谷分别减产53.9%、45.2%、7.6%;而在+K条件下稻谷分别减产28.3%、16.5%和5.9%,不同生育期的干旱胁迫对产量的影响程度为:TD>BD>MD,且缺钾加剧了水分亏缺的负面影响。同时,干旱胁迫也造成冠层蒸腾速率、叶水势和叶片净光合速率下降,减少干物质积累,TD、BD处理相较于WW处理,叶片生物量分别平均降低42.9%、31.2%;茎鞘生物量分别降低43.8%和38.0%。不同生育期水分亏缺对生物量的影响为:TD>BD。而缺钾不仅造成净光合速率下降,也使叶面积和叶绿素含量降低,植株截获光辐射能力显著下降,干物质积累量减少,相较于+K处理,TD、BD及相应同时期WW处理的叶片生物量在缺钾条件下分别降低52.6%、32.7%、42.1%、31.2%,茎鞘生物量分别降低55.3%、63.6%、52.2%、28.0%,干旱胁迫加剧缺钾的消极影响。综上,干旱胁迫会降低净光合速率与叶水势,造成水稻减产,其中有效分蘖期和孕穗期的减产效应较灌浆期明显;缺钾不仅降低叶片净光合速率,也减少叶面积与叶绿素含量,水稻同化积累物质能力下降,抗旱性显著降低。【Objective】As one of the most important food crops in China,rice(Oryza sativa L.)is the staple food for more than half of the country’s population.With the development trend of global warming and frequent occurrence of extreme weather such as sustained high temperature,drought on farmland is becoming a more frequent and urgent problem.Thus,this study seeks to clarify the effects of drought stress on rice at different growth stages,the regulation of potassium on drought stress and its mechanism,and to provide a theoretical basis for the management of potassium and efficient water use in rice.【Method】A two-factor pot experiment of K and water treatments at different periods was carried out in 2021.Potassium management was two levels of 0.15(+K)and 0(-K)g·kg^(-1) soil(calculated as K2O),moisture management was four levels of drought stress at the tillering stage(TD),drought stress at booting stage(BD),drought stress at milking stage(MD)and well-watered treatment(WW),to explore the effects of K fertilizer on rice yield and physiological characters under drought stress at different growth stages.【Result】Results showed that drought stress significantly decreased rice yield.Compared with the WW treatment,TD,BD and MD treatments decreased rice yields by 53.9%,45.2%,and 7.6% under K deficient conditions,respectively,while under K sufficient conditions,rice yields reduced by 28.3%,16.5% and 5.9%,respectively.The degree of influence of drought stress on yield in different growth stages was:TD>BD>MD,and K deficiency aggravated the negative impact of water deficit on rice yields.Similarly,drought stress also caused a decrease in canopy transpiration rate,leaf water potential,leaf net photosynthetic rate,and limited dry matter accumulation.Compared to the WW treatment corresponding to the same period,TD and BD treatments reduced leaf biomass by an average of 42.9% and 31.2%,respectively.The stem sheath biomass decreased by 43.8% and 38.0%,respectively,and the effect of water deficiency on biomass in different gr

关 键 词：水稻 干旱胁迫 生育期 钾肥管理 生理性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]