旱作农田覆膜和秸秆碳投入对土壤团聚特性及作物产量的影响  

Coupled Effects of Film Mulching and Straw-derived Carbon Inputs on Soil Aggregate Characteristics and Crop Yields in Semiarid Areas

作　　者：王钰皓 庞津雯 卫婷[1,2] 高飞 刘恩科 贾志宽[1,2] 张鹏[1,2] WANG Yuhao;PANG Jinwen;WEI Ting;GAO Fei;LIU Enke;JIA Zhikuan;ZHANG Peng(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming in Northwest Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Gansu Cultivated Land Quality Construction and Protection Station,Lanzhou 730020,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]甘肃省耕地质量建设保护总站,兰州730020 [4]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《土壤学报》2024年第1期272-284,共13页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研究计划项目(2021YFE0101302);国家自然科学基金项目(31801314,31901475);中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2019T120951)资助。

摘　　要：研究秸秆还田形式对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚特性、有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响,为优化覆膜耕作措施,实现旱作覆膜农田可持续性生产提供理论依据。以长期定位旱作玉米覆膜农田(始于2012年)为研究对象,设置双垄沟覆膜(P)和传统平作(T),分别施加秸秆(S)和生物质炭(C),以不还田为对照(N),共形成6个处理:覆膜秸秆还田(PS)、覆膜生物质炭还田(PC)、覆膜不还田(PN)、平作秸秆还田(TS)、平作生物质炭还田(TC)和平作不还田(TN)。测定土壤团聚体组成及团聚体有机碳含量,并分析了双垄沟覆膜和不同秸秆碳投入对土壤有机碳含量、团聚体稳定性及玉米产量的影响。研究结果表明,各秸秆还田处理较不还田处理均可显著(P<0.05)改善各粒级团聚体分布及其稳定性,其中>0.25mm团聚体含量平均显著(P<0.05)提高47.32%,各双垄沟覆膜处理MWD和GMD较平作处理分别平均提高9.19%和4.15%;各还田处理可显著(P<0.05)提高0~60 cm土层土壤有机碳含量,其中PC和TC处理分别较对应PS和TS处理土壤有机碳含量提高2.60%和2.73%;各处理团聚体有机碳含量均随粒径增大而增大,秸秆碳投入可显著(P<0.05)提高各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,而双垄沟覆膜处理则降低了土壤有机碳及团聚体有机碳含量;还田方式、种植方式及土壤有机碳对玉米产量有促进作用,施加秸秆及生物质炭均能显著(P<0.05)提高旱作覆膜农田玉米产量,平均提高14.6%,而秸秆直接还田处理与生物质炭还田处理的增产效果无显著差异。综合分析,在双垄沟覆膜条件下投入秸秆碳能够明显提高土壤稳定性、土壤有机碳含量和作物产量,其中,双垄沟覆膜与生物质炭还田的耦合效应对改善农田土壤质量及地力提升有积极作用。【Objectives】This study aimed to provide a scientific basis for optimizing appropriate film mulching practices to improve productivity and protect the environment in dryland farming.【Methods】A complete random two-factor field experiment was conducted in Pengyang,Ningxia Province to investigate the coupled effects of mulching(started in 2012)with different straw-derived carbon inputs on the soil aggregate characteristics,organic carbon content,and maize yield.Specifically,the mulching method was the main factor and the straw return form was the sub-factor.Six treatments were established as follows:straw return with film mulching(PS),biochar return with film mulching(PC),no-return with film mulching,straw return without mulching(TS),biochar return without mulching(TC),and no return without mulching.【Results】The results indicated that each straw and biochar return treatment significantly(P<0.05)improved the soil aggregate distribution and stability of each particle size,and the aggregate content>0.25 mm increased significantly(P<0.05)by 47.32% on average.Compared with the no-mulching treatment,the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the soil particles increased by 9.19% and 4.15%,respectively,under the double ridge-furrow mulching treatments.The organic carbon content of the 0-60 cm soil layer increased significantly(P<0.05)under each straw and biochar return treatment compared with the no-return treatments,where the contents were 2.60%and 2.73% higher under PC and TC than PS and TS,respectively.The aggregate organic carbon contents under each treatment increased as the aggregate particle size increased.Also,the straw and biochar return treatments significantly increased the organic carbon content of aggregates,whereas the contents decreased under double ridge-furrow mulching treatments.Structural equation modeling showed that the straw return form,mulching method,and soil organic carbon content could significantly promote yield increases,while the straw and biochar return treatments signi

关 键 词：双垄沟覆膜 土壤团聚特性 有机碳 玉米产量 秸秆碳投入 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]