风险社会条件下行政追偿模式的解析与完善  

Analysis and Improvement of Administrative Recovery Mode under the Conditions of Risk Society

作　　者：许佳莹 XU Jiaying(The Law School of Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100089

出　　处：《现代法学》2024年第1期64-77,共14页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：在国家赔偿与追偿制度的发展过程中,追偿制度的功能发挥不够充分,其规范化程度不足,实践成效未达至理想状态。问题的根源在于对行政追偿性质定位不明,制度功能层面存在认识误区。根据我国行政法的规定,国家赔偿与追偿共同构成双阶层责任分配体系,在制度功能意义上应当实现分阶段运行的国家、公务员和受害人三方主体的利益平衡机制,因而需在整体视域下对两个阶段、三方主体予以系统性观察。目前在国家赔偿的“自己责任说”与“代位责任说”视角下的两种追偿主张均存在某种不足之处,而风险归责视角下的“组织责任说”能克服责任归属平面化、单一化的弊端,依“组织责任说”建构的国家赔偿与追偿的双阶层责任分配体系,通过统合自己责任、代位责任与混合责任,增强了该体系的适应性。从风险分配的视角重新审视过错界定,体现了行政追偿从外部责任向内部责任的转向,但行政追偿权仍然是法律明文授予的单方决定权,并非单纯的内部惩戒权。该项制度的功能在于以矫正正义为宗旨,对前一阶段国家赔偿责任的再分配。In the process of the development of the state compensation and recovery system,the function of the recovery system is not enough to play,the degree of standardization is insufficient,and the effectiveness of the practice is not up to the ideal state.The root of the problem lies in the nature of the administrative recovery positioning is unclear,the system function cognitive level there is a misunderstanding.According to China's administrative law,in the sense of the system structure of the state compensation and recovery together constitute a two-class responsibility distribution system,in the sense of the system function should realize the phased operation of the state,civil servants and victims of the tripartite subjects of the balance of interest mechanism,and therefore need to be in the overall perspective of the two phases of the tripartite subjects to be systematic observation.Currently on the state compensation"their own responsibility"and"subrogation"perspective of the two recovery claims have some deficiencies,and risk attribution perspective of the"organization's responsibility that The"organizational responsibility theory"from the perspective of risk attribution can overcome the shortcomings of flatness and homogeneity of responsibility attribution,and the dual-class responsibility allocation system of state compensation and recovery constructed according to the organizational responsibility theory enhances the adaptability of the system by integrating its own responsibility,personal responsibility and mixed responsibility.From the perspective of risk allocation to re-examine the definition of fault,reflecting the administrative recovery from the external responsibility to internal responsibility of the shift,but administrative recovery is still the law expressly granted the right to unilateral decision-making,not purely internal disciplinary power.The function of this system lies in the redistribution of the previous stage of state compensation liability with the purpose of corrective justice.

关 键 词：行政追偿 国家赔偿 风险归责 双阶层责任分配体系 责任再分配权 

分 类 号：DF31[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]