吉林省玉米种质资源SSR和SNP分子身份证的构建及应用  

The Construction and Application of SSR and SNP Molecular ID for Maize Germplasm Resources of Jilin Province

作　　者：张茗起 王蕊[1] 张春宵[2] 孙擘 任洁[1] 李淑芳[4] 王璐[1] 朱少喜 张江斌 施昕晨 王海杰 张云龙 田红丽[1] 赵怡锟 匡猛[3] 王元东[1] 易红梅[1] 李晓辉[2] 王凤格[1] ZHANG MingQi;WANG Rui;ZHANG ChunXiao;SUN Bo;REN Jie;LI ShuFang;WANG Lu;ZHU ShaoXi;ZHANG JiangBin;SHI XinChen;WANG HaiJie;ZHANG YunLong;TIAN HongLi;ZHAO YiKun;KUANG Meng;WANG YuanDong;YI HongMei;LI XiaoHui;WANG FengGe(Maize Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop DNA Fingerprinting Innovation and Utilization(Co-construction by Ministry and Province)/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100097;Maize Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100,Jilin;Institute of Cotton Research of Chunese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang 455000,Henan;Crop Germplasm Resources Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gongzhuling 136100,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院玉米研究所/农业农村部农作物DNA指纹创新利用重点实验室(部省共建)/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [2]吉林省农业科学院玉米研究所,吉林公主岭136100 [3]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [4]吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所,吉林公主岭136100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第2期236-249,I0001,I0002,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1201005);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20230303);北京市农林科学院科研创新平台建设专项(PT2023-34)。

摘　　要：【目的】农作物种质资源具有重要的战略地位。吉林省玉米种质资源库主要存储具有北方春玉米区特色的种质资源。鉴于在传统农作物种质资源管理过程中难以获取真实身份信息的现状,利用分子标记技术构建种质资源分子身份证可以有效鉴定种质资源真实身份,强化种质资源的分类管理。通过深度发掘吉林省玉米种质资源库的优异资源,推动共享利用。【方法】以吉林省玉米种质资源库中的2918份玉米种质资源为研究对象,采用玉米品种鉴定检测标准中推荐的40对SSR标记,以及61214个SNP标记来构建其分子身份证。根据获得的分子身份证信息将种质资源划分为核心、同近源、异质和群体等类进行管理,并进一步针对核心种质进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】为2918份种质资源构建了SSR分子身份证,为除异质性种质外的2502份种质资源构建了SNP分子身份证。分别制定了玉米种质资源SSR和SNP分子身份证的建设规范。其中,SSR分子身份证由40个SSR位点指纹转化为三位数字和一位字母的编码组合构成,并以二维码形式存储;SNP分子身份证由61214个SNP位点指纹转化为可视化的条形码。根据样品纯合度和指纹特异性等特征,将样品划分为1561份核心类、705份同近源类、416份异质类及236份群体类种质资源。遗传多样性分析表明,以旅大红骨群、黄改群为代表的国内种质资源是该库的主要种质资源,占全部核心种质资源的64.38%。【结论】提出了玉米种质资源分子身份证构建流程,为吉林省玉米种质资源库2918份种质资源构建了全部的SSR分子身份证和2502份SNP分子身份证;建立了核心、同近源、异质、群体四类种质资源筛选方案,实现了种质资源的分类管理。【Objective】Crop germplasm resources hold a crucial strategic position.The Maize Germplasm Resources Bank in Jilin Province safeguards a collection of germplasm resources distinctively representative of the Northern Spring Maize Region.Traditional germplasm resource management faces challenges in ascertaining accurate identity information.To address this issue,molecular marker technology has been employed to establish a process for the construction and classification of molecular IDs for germplasm resources,thereby enabling precise identification and bolstering categorical management.Thorough exploration of the exceptional resources within Jilin Province's Maize Germplasm Resources Bank is intended to advance the shared utilization of these valuable germplasm resources.【Method】A total of 2918 maize germplasm resources were utilized from the Jilin Provincial Maize Germplasm Resources Bank as subjects of the study,the molecular IDs were constructed by using 40 pairs of SSR markers and 61214 SNP markers recommended in maize variety identification standards.Based on the molecular ID information,the germplasm resources were categorized into core,closely related,heterogeneous,and population groups for management purposes.Furthermore,the core germplasms were analyzed on genetic diversity.【Result】In this investigation,the SSR molecular IDs were constructed for 2918 maize germplasm resources,while the SNP molecular IDs were constructed for 2502 maize germplasm resources,excluding heterogeneous germplasm.The standards for the construction of SSR and SNP molecular IDs were established for maize germplasm resources.The SSR molecular ID is composed of a combination of three-digit numbers and one-letter code converted from 40 SSR loci fingerprints,stored in the form of a QR code.The SNP molecular ID converts the fingerprints of 61214 SNP loci into visual barcodes.Based on the features of sample homozygosity and fingerprint specificity,the samples were categorized into 1561 cores,705 closely related,416 heterogeneous

关 键 词：玉米 种质资源 吉林 SSR SNP 分子身份证 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]