不同玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系耐热性的差异比较  

Comparison of Heat Tolerance of Maize Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds with Different Genotypes

作　　者：徐田军 吕天放 李自豪 张勇[1] 刘宏伟 刘月娥 蔡万涛[1] 张如养[1] 宋伟[1] 邢锦丰[1] 赵久然[1] 王荣焕[1] XU TianJun;LYU TianFang;LI ZiHao;ZHANG Yong;LIU HongWei;LIU YueE;CAI WanTao;ZHANG RuYang;SONG Wei;XING JinFeng;ZHAO JiuRan;WANG RongHuan(Maize Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding,Beijing 100097)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院玉米研究所/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第2期403-415,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题任务(2021YFD1200701-8);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ202236)。

摘　　要：【目的】近年来,我国黄淮海夏玉米区高温热害不利天气频发重发,已成为威胁玉米生产的重要不利因素。研究并明确高温胁迫对不同基因型玉米品种雌雄穗及产量的影响,为耐高温玉米品种培育和选择提供参考。【方法】以郑单958(郑58×昌7-2)、先玉335(PH6WC×PH4CV)、京农科728(京MC01×京2416)和MC812(京B547×京2416)及其亲本自交系为供试材料,花期前后(大喇叭口期-吐丝后7 d)进行高温胁迫处理,研究高温胁迫对不同基因型玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系雌雄穗生长发育、散粉吐丝间隔(ASI)、花粉活性、产量及其构成要素的影响。【结果】(1)花期前后高温胁迫导致参试玉米品种及其亲本自交系的穗粒数减少,进而产量降低,且不同品种和自交系对高温胁迫的响应存在显著差异。与对照相比,高温胁迫下,郑单958、先玉335、京农科728和MC812的穗粒数降幅分别为22.28%、46.79%、6.13%和8.11%,产量降幅分别为9.50%、50.61%、3.18%和5.00%,其中,京农科728和MC812减产不显著,而郑单958和先玉335显著减产;亲本自交系中,京2416的穗行数、行粒数和产量降幅最小且不显著,而PH6WC均显著降低且降幅最大。(2)高温胁迫下,参试品种及其亲本自交系的雄穗分支总数、雄穗长度、总散粉量和花粉活性降低,散粉持续期缩短,ASI延长。与对照相比,高温胁迫下,ASI延长1.6 d。雄穗长度降幅表现为郑单958>先玉335>MC812>京农科728。郑单958雄穗长度降幅最大,但雄穗分支数多,花粉量最大;先玉335雄穗分支少,雄穗长度降幅大,花粉量最少且活性最低;京2416总散粉量大且花粉活力强,降幅最小(仅为4.50%和3.98%)。【结论】花期前后高温胁迫对参试玉米品种的籽粒产量和花粉活性等影响较大,京农科728和MC812的产量和花粉活性降幅显著低于先玉335和郑单958,耐热性较好。通过比较参试玉米杂交种亲本自交系的耐热性,父本自交系�【Objective】In recent years,the adverse weather of high temperature and heat damage in the Huang-Huai-Hai maize of China occurred frequently,which has become an important adverse factor threatening maize production.Study and clarify the effects of high temperature stress on male and female ear characteristics and yield of maize can provide useful guidance for the cultivation and selection of high temperature tolerant maize varieties.【Method】The variety of Zhengdan958(Zheng58×Chang7-2),Xianyu335(PH6WC×PH4CV),Jingnongke728(JingMC01×Jing2416),MC812(JingB547×Jing2416),and their parents were used as the test materials.High temperature stress before and after flowering(from V12 stage to 7 d after silking)were conducted.The effects of high temperature stress on the growth and development of male and female panicles,ASI,pollen activity,yield and yield components of different genotypes of maize hybrids and their parents were studied.【Result】High temperature stress before and after anthesis significantly reduced the ear length,rows per ear and grains per row of the tested maize varieties and their parents,and then resulted significant decrease in yield.Compared with the control,the grain number per spike of Zhengdan958,Xianyu335,Jingnongke728 and MC812 decreased by 22.28%,47.69%,6.13%and 8.11%respectively under high temperature stress,resulting yield decrease of 9.50%,50.61%,3.17%and 5.00%respectively.Among the parental materials,the decrease of rows per panicle,grains per row and yield of Jing2416 under high temperature treatment was the smallest and not significant,while the decrease of PH6WC was the largest.Under high temperature stress,the total number of tassel branches,the length of tassel,the total amount of loose pollen and pollen activity decreased significantly,the silking period of loose pollen was prolonged,and the duration of loose pollen was shortened.Among them,Jingnongke728 had the smallest decline,followed by MC812,showing good heat resistance,while Zhengdan958 had the largest decline in the

关 键 词：高温 玉米 亲本自交系 耐热性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]