西北条锈菌源区冬小麦育种抗条锈病基因的利用现状与策略  

Current Situation and Strategy of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes Untilization in Winter Wheat Cultivars of Northwestern Oversummering Region for Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici in China

作　　者：白斌[1] 张怀志 杜久元[1] 张晓洋 何瑞 伍玲[4] 张哲 张耀辉[6] 曹世勤[1] 刘志勇 BAI Bin;ZHANG HuaiZhi;DU JiuYuan;ZHANG XiaoYang;HE Rui;WU Ling;ZHANG Zhe;ZHANG YaoHui;CAO ShiQin;LIU ZhiYong(Wheat Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070;Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/The Inovative Academy of Seed Design,Beijing 100101;Ramie Institute of Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128;Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066;College of Plant Science&Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Tianshui 741000,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院小麦研究所,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所/种子创新研究院,北京100101 [3]湖南农业大学苎麻研究所,长沙410128 [4]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [5]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [6]天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第1期4-17,I0001-I0010,共24页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划(21YF5NA146);国家自然科学地区科学基金(31860379);甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2023GAAS12,2022GAAS006)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解中国小麦条锈病西北重要越夏菌源区甘肃陇东和陇南近20年育成小麦品种(系)中抗条锈病基因的利用情况,为陇南小麦条锈病遗传多样性控制,持久抗病品种的培育和可持续绿色健康生态农业奠定基础。【方法】于2019—2020年和2020—2021年种植季对117份冬小麦品种(系)甘肃清水县和四川郫都区进行成株期抗条锈病鉴定,2021年分别用条锈菌CYR33和CYR34对117份品种(系)进行苗期抗条锈病鉴定,并利用分子标记对15个抗条锈病基因进行检测。【结果】田间成株期对条锈菌主要流行致病性混合小种抗病的品种(系)占29.1%,其中,25.6%为陇南区域品种(系),3.4%为陇东区域品种(系),另有25.6%陇南区域感病品种(系)表现慢病性(严重度<20%)。有70.1%品种(系)苗期对CYR33表现抗病,其中,57.3%为陇南区域品种(系),12.8%为陇东区域品种(系);仅6.0%品种(系)苗期对CYR34具有抗病性,为陇南区域的兰天131等7个品种(系)。苗期和成株期抗病品种(系)以2010年后育成的兰天、中梁、天选、兰航选系列品种为主。分子标记检测结合系谱分析,发现抗条锈病基因Yr9、Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr41、Yr46、YrZH22和YrZH84在所有检测品种(系)中的频率分别为49.6%、1.7%、12.8%、7.7%、12.8%、20.5%、10.3%、34.2%、2.6%、16.2%、15.4%和27.4%,且多以基因聚合体形式存在于品种(系)中,62.4%品种(系)中聚合了2—5个抗条锈病基因,YrZH84、YrZH22和Yr17中的一个或多个基因与其他抗条锈病基因聚合后,品种(系)的条锈病抗性明显高于其他基因组合。此外,在陇南菌源区,以种植小麦为主的山旱地区域(条锈菌越夏区)所推广的品种(系)中,含有Yr10、Yr17、Yr18、Yr28、Yr29、Yr30、Yr41和Yr46的频率较高,越冬区(川水地)推广品种(系)中主要有Yr26、Yr30、YrZH22和YrZH84,越夏区和越冬区品种(系)的抗性遗传背景差异明显,且越夏区品种(系)�【Objective】Eestern and Southern Gansu is one of the epidemic centers of stripe rust and over-summering region for Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst)with continuous emergening of new Pst races in Northwestern China.The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic architecture of stripe rust resistance in winter wheat cultivars grown in those regions since 1990s for a better genetic diversity control of the disease,breeding of durable resistant cultivars,sustainable green and healthy ecological agriculture in Southern Gansu.【Method】The seedling and adult plant stage resistance to the prevailing Pst races CYR33,CYR34,etc.of 117 wheat cultivars(lines)were evaluated at greenhouse in 2021 and field trials in Qingshui of Gansu and Pixian of Sichuan,respectively,during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 cropping seasons.Molecualr markers for 15 Yr genes were also applied to detect the presence of known stripe rust resistant genes.【Result】Of the 117 varieties and lines tested,thirty-four(29.1%)were found to perform adult plant stage resistance(APR)in the field,among these,25.6%and 3.4%of cultivars were released in Southern Gansu,and Eastern Gansu,respectively.Another 25.6%susceptible cultivars from Southern Gansu exhibited slow rusting with disease severity(DS)less than 20%.Eighty-two cultivars(70.1%)were resistant to the race CYR33 of Pst at the seedling stage.Among them,67(57.3%)and 15(12.8%)were planted in Southern and Eastern Gansu,respectively.However,only seven(6.0%)of the total entries were resistant to the dominant race CYR34 at the seedling stage,and all of these were cultivars from Southern Gansu,such as Lantian 131 etc.The stripe rusts resistant cultivars named as Lantian,Zhongliang,and Tianxuan series at both seedling and adult plant stages were mainly released after 2010.Molecular markers screening identified the presence of Yr9(49.6%),Yr10(1.7%),Yr17(12.8%),Yr18(7.7%),Yr26(12.8%),Yr28(20.5%),Yr29(10.3%),Yr30(34.2%),Yr41(2.6%),Yr46(16.2%),YrZH22(15.4%)and YrZH84(27.4%)in some cultivars,preferly as 2

关 键 词：普通小麦 条锈菌 西北越夏菌源区 基因聚合 持久抗性 分子标记 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]