土壤施用钝化剂与复合微生物肥对冬小麦镉积累的影响  

Effects of Soil Application of Passivating Agent and Compound Microbial Fertilizer on Cadmium Accumulation in Winter Wheat

作　　者：王宇 宋一凡 张荣 牟海萌 孙丽芳 付凯霞 武紫君 黄青青 徐应明 李鸽子 王永华 郭天财 WANG Yu;SONG YiFan;ZHANG Rong;MU HaiMeng;SUN LiFang;FU KaiXia;WU ZiJun;HUANG QingQing;XU YingMing;LI GeZi;WANG YongHua;GUO TianCai(Agronomy College of Henan Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat,Zhengzhou 450046;Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tianjin 300191;Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops,Zhengzhou 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/国家小麦工程技术研究中心,郑州450046 [2]农业农村部环境保护科研监测所/农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室,天津300191 [3]河南粮食作物协同创新中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2024年第1期126-141,共16页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究土壤施用钝化剂与复合微生物肥对豫北轻度镉污染弱碱性农田土壤中镉活性的钝化效果,及其对冬小麦品种不同器官间镉积累转运和产量的影响特征,旨在筛选出高效修复镉污染土壤、降低冬小麦籽粒镉含量的修复材料及低镉积累小麦品种,为豫北镉轻度污染弱碱性农田的小麦安全高效生产提供技术支撑。【方法】于2020—2022年连续两个冬小麦生长季,在豫北镉污染弱碱性农田设置不同土壤修复材料(CK:不进行土壤修复处理,CMF:复合微生物肥单施处理,GP:土壤钝化剂单施处理,CMF+GP:复合微生物肥和土壤钝化剂等量配施处理)和6个冬小麦品种(鑫华麦818、漯麦163、郑麦9023、鑫麦296、郑麦136、郑麦7698)的两因素裂区田间大区对比试验,研究土壤有效态镉、冬小麦地上部各器官镉含量、富集系数(BCF)、转运系数(TF)及其相关性、冬小麦产量及其构成因素的变化。【结果】(1)在连续两年冬小麦生长季,与CK相比,钝化剂和复合微生物肥的单施和等量配施均可降低土壤有效态镉含量,CMF+GP处理的效果最好,可使6个供试品种的根系表层土壤有效态镉含量显著降低17.6%—22.4%。土壤有效态镉含量降低与冬小麦地上部各器官镉含量的变化具有相关性,且不同品种的同一器官间也存在一定差异。(2)土壤钝化剂和复合微生物肥单施和等量配施可使鑫华麦818、漯麦163、郑麦9023降低TF茎鞘—叶、TF茎鞘—籽粒,增大TF茎鞘—(穗轴+颖壳)、TF叶—(穗轴+颖壳),使BCF茎鞘、BCF叶降低、使小麦体内镉含量向穗轴+颖壳转移,以减小BCF籽粒,与之不同的是,未能有效降低鑫麦296的TF茎鞘—叶、BCF茎鞘,增大了郑麦136、郑麦7698的BCF茎鞘。(3)土壤施用钝化剂和复合微生物肥可综合调控冬小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,提高冬小麦产量,但土壤修复处理与品种的方差分析结果表明两者的交互作用�【Objective】The passivation effect of passivator and compound microbial fertilizer on cadmium(Cd)activity in slightly Cd-polluted weak alkaline farmland soil in northern Henan Province was studied,and their effects on Cd accumulation and translocation in different organs and yield of winter wheat were investigated too.The purpose of this study was to explore soil remediation materials for efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soil,to reduce Cd content in winter wheat grains,and to screen wheat varieties with low Cd accumulation,so as to provide the technical support for the safe and efficient production of wheat in lightly polluted weak alkaline farmland in northern Henan Province.【Method】In two consecutive winter wheat growing seasons of 2020-2022,two-factor split field comparison experiments of four different soil remediation materials(CK,no soil remediation treatment;CMF,single application of compound microbial fertilizer;GP,single application of soil passivator;CMF+GP,combination of compound microbial fertilizer and soil passivator)and six winter wheat varieties(Xinhuamai818,Luomai 163,Zhengmai 9023,Xinmai 296,Zhengmai 136,and Zhengmai 7698)in northern Henan Province were set up and used in the weakly Cd-polluted alkaline farmland.The changes of available Cd in soil,Cd contents in aboveground organs of wheat plants,enrichment coefficient(BCF),transport coefficient(TF),their correlations,and winter wheat yields and its components were analyzed.【Result】(1)In two winter wheat growing seasons(2020-2021 and 2021-2022),compared with CK,single application and equal combination application of passivation agent and compound microbial fertilizer could remarkably reduce the content of available Cd in soil.CMF+GP treatment had the best effect,which significantly and effectively reduced the available Cd content by 17.6%-22.4%in the surface soil of the roots among the six varieties.The decreased available Cd in soil was related to the changes of Cd content in the aboveground organs of winter wheat plants,and

关 键 词：冬小麦 土壤镉污染 土壤镉钝化剂 复合微生物肥 镉富集系数 镉转运系数 石灰性潮土 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]