拉伸试棒模具结构对铸造铝合金组织的影响  

Influence of Structure of Tensile Test Rod Mold onMicrostructure of Cast Aluminum Alloys

作　　者：李飞 李高宏[1] 黄亮 余申卫 许岗[1] LI Fei;LI Gaohong;HUANG Liang;YU Shenwei;XU Gang(School of Materials Science and Chemical Enggneering,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710021,China;12th Research Institute of China State Shipbuilding Corporation,Xingping 713102,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学材料与化工学院,西安710021 [2]中国船舶集团有限公司第十二研究所,兴平713102

出　　处：《西安工业大学学报》2024年第1期79-85,共7页Journal of Xi’an Technological University

基　　金：陕西省“四主体一联合”轻合金新材料校企联合研究中心项目(YJZX-2021-001)。

摘　　要：针对现有的国家标准铝合金的试棒浇注模具,浇注的试棒存在夹渣、气孔、缩松、冷隔等铸造缺陷,无法合理反映合金的真实力学性能的现状,本文使用ANSYS等软件,利用流体静力学和传热学原理科学的分析了直浇道的倾斜角度和内浇道与集渣腔连接的位置铝合金组织的影响,设计了一种铝合金拉伸试棒的铸造模具。模拟结果表明,直浇道的倾斜角度为70°时,流体流速波动范围最小;内浇道与集渣腔连接的位置为集渣腔压心时,集渣腔集渣过滤效果最佳。浇注实验结果表明,本模具成型的ZL205A和ZL101试棒平均晶粒和枝晶间距均优于GB/T1173-2013模具成型试棒组织。分析认为,合理的流速控制(直浇道的倾斜角)和集渣腔高度设计有利于试棒获得晶粒细小,铸造缺陷少的组织。The tensile test rods poured with existing national standard aluminum alloy casting dies have the defects such as slag inclusion,porosity,shrinkage,cold partition,etc.Which fail to reasonably reflect the real mechanical properties of alloys.In this paper,the influences of the inclination angle of the straight runner and the position of the connection between the inner runner and the slag collecting cavity on the alloy structure are scientifically investigated using the principles of fluid kinematics and Heat Transfer Theory,on the basis of which a casting die for aluminum alloy tensile test rods is developed with ANSYS software.The simulation results show that when the inclination angle of the straight runner is 70°,the fluctuation range of fluid flow rate is minimal and that when the connection between the inner runner and the slag collection chamber is at the core of the slag collecting chamber,the best slag filtration effect is achieved.The results of pouring experiments show that the average grain size and dendrite spacing of ZL205A and ZL101 test bars formed by this die are better than those of GB/T1173-2013 dies.It is concluded that reasonable control of flow rate(inclination angle of the straight runner)and sound design of the height of the slag collection chamber are conducive to the molding of high-quality castings.

关 键 词：铝合金 拉伸试棒 铸造模具 金相组织 

分 类 号：TG249.2[金属学及工艺—铸造]