中国国家公园体系构建的理论与实践研究——基于矛盾理论和激励相容理论的分析框架  

Research on the theory and practice for the construction of national park system in China:within the theory of contradiction and the theory of incentive compatibility

作　　者：刘珉 胡鞍钢[2,3,4] LIU Minli;HU Angang(Development Research Center,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,China;Institute for Contemporary China Studies,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;National and Global Governance Institute,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局发展研究中心,北京100714 [2]清华大学国情研究院,北京100084 [3]清华大学国家治理与全球治理研究院,北京100084 [4]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第2期57-66,共10页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：清华大学文科“双高”专项(53120600119)。

摘　　要：作为中国式绿色现代化的伟大实践,中国正式设立三江源、大熊猫、东北虎豹、海南热带雨林、武夷山等第一批共5个国家公园,正在建设全世界最大的国家公园体系。本文基于矛盾理论和激励相容理论的综合分析框架,指出国家公园管理的要义在于“承认矛盾”“化解矛盾”和“激励相容”“互利共赢”,本质上“两个积极性”比“一个积极性”要好,“多个积极性”比“两个积极性”好。当前具体问题包括:(1)法律法规缺位,针对出现的新情况管理无据可依;(2)社会公众对国家公园的定位和性质存在疑虑;(3)地区叠加和管辖分立造成的管理“弱化”和“虚化”问题;(4)土地权属不清和地类分布复杂不利于管理决策;(5)投入资金不足和资金管理使用不合理仍是主要制约因素;(6)内部机构设置和管理转型没有完全到位;(7)保护和发展的冲突依然突出。政策建议:(1)建立良好的委托-代理关系;(2)建立完善的内在管理体制机制;(3)建立完备的共享开放信息空间;(4)分步实施、分类管理、提高质量、提升品牌。未来,中国要分“三步走”加强国家公园建设,实现从国家公园到公园国家转型,最终建成全世界最大的国家公园体系。As a great practice of Chinese-style green modernization,China has officially established the first batch of Sanjingyuan,Giant Panda,Northeastern China Tiger and Leopard,Hainan Tropical Rainforest,and Wuyishan national parks,and is building the world's largest national park system.Within the comprehensive an-alytic framework for the theory of contradiction and the theory of incentive compatibility,this paper points out that the essence of national park management lies in"recognizing contradictions",'resolving contradictions",and"incentive compatibility",and"achieving win-win situations",essentially highlights that"two positivity"is bet-ter than"one positivity",and"multiple positivity"is better than"two positivity".Currently,specific issues in-clude:(1)The lack of law or regulation for the national parks fails to offer the legal basis for the management of new situations.(2)The public has doubts about the positioning and nature of the national parks.(3)The superpo-sition of regions and the separation of jurisdictions lead to the"weakening"and"formalizing"management.(4)The unclear land ownership and complex distributions of land type are not conducive to decision-making in management.(5)The insufficient investment funds and the unreasonable management and use of funds are still the main constraints.(6)The internal organizations have not been fully set up and the transformation of manage-ment is not fully achieved.(7)The contradiction between protection and development is still heated.According-ly,policy recommendations are made to establish a good principal-agent relationship,establish a sound internal management system and mechanism,and establish a complete shared and open information space.Further,the step-by-step implementation and classified management should be conducted to guarantee quality improvement and brand enhancement.In the future,China should strengthen the construction of national parks according to"three steps"so as to realize the transformation from a few of national parks to the country full of pa

关 键 词：中国式现代化 绿色现代化 国家公园 

分 类 号：C939[经济管理—管理学] F592