2022年北京冬季奥运会与残疾人奥运会高山滑雪相关严重运动损伤的特点研究  

Characteristics of severe sports injuries related to alpine skiing during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Beijing

作　　者：石雷 吕扬[1,2] 赵凤龙[1] 徐九峰[1] 梅宇[3] 冯辉 李海洋[1] 周方[1,2] Shi Lei;Lyu Yang;Zhao Fenglong;Xu Jiufeng;Mei Yu;Feng Hui;Li Haiyang;Zhou Fang(Orthopaedics Department,Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital,Beijing 102100,China;Trauma Center,Peking University Third Hospital,Orthopaedics Department,Peking University Third Hospital,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine,Beijing 100191,China;Sports Medicine Department,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市延庆区医院(北京大学第三医院延庆医院)骨科,北京102100 [2]北京大学第三医院创伤中心,北京大学第三医院骨科,骨与关节精准医学工程研究中心,北京100191 [3]北京大学第三医院运动医学科,北京100191

出　　处：《中华创伤骨科杂志》2023年第12期1025-1030,共6页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFF0301102)。

摘　　要：目的对2022年北京冬季奥运会(冬奥会)与冬季残疾人奥运会(冬残奥会)期间高山滑雪运动员及工作人员的严重运动损伤进行描述性分析,总结高山滑雪运动损伤的损伤特点及国家高山滑雪中心赛道的特点,以期为延庆国家高山滑雪中心赛道的运动损伤防治提供参考依据。方法收集2022年1月20日至3月26日所有在北京市延庆区医院就诊的高山滑雪运动员及相关工作人员的就诊资料,对其创伤部位、损伤类型、损伤地点及严重程度等进行描述性统计分析。结果本届冬奥会与冬残奥会高山滑雪赛事相关严重损伤49例,以损伤部位计68处,以损伤类型计72处。最常见损伤部位为膝部(25.0%,17/68),其次为头部(14.7%,10/68),肩部(8.8%,6/68)。损伤类型中最常见为挫伤(含血肿、擦伤,30.6%,22/72),其次为扭伤(含脱位、半脱位、韧带损伤,22.2%,16/72),骨折(20.8%,15/72)。运动员损伤地点最常见为赛道海坨碗区域(41.7%,10/24)。严重程度中缺席伤48例(98.0%,48/49),其中重度伤33例(67.3%,33/49)。结论本届冬奥运会与冬残奥会高山滑雪赛事严重运动损伤最常见部位为膝部,多为韧带损伤,与历届赛事结论相符。重度伤比例较高,赛道难度设计较大。最容易发生损伤的地点为竞速赛道海坨碗区域,亦是此赛道的难点所在,在此区域需要加强医疗急救资源的投入。Objective To characterize the severe sports injuries related to alpine skiing during the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics so as to provide information for the prevention and treatment of sports injuries in the Yanqing National Alpine Skiing Center tracks.Methods The medical data were collected of all the alpine skiing athletes and related staff who had sought medical treatment in Peking University Third Hospital Yanqing Hospital during January 20,2022 to March 26,2022.Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted for body part,type,occurrence place,and severity of the injuries.Results There were 49 patients who had suffered severe injuries related to alpine skiing events during this Olympic Games,with 68 injuries by body parts and 72 injuries by types.The most common injury part was the knee(25.0%,17/68),followed by the head(14.7%,10/68),and the shoulder(8.8%,6/68).The most common types of injury were contusion(including hematoma and abrasion,30.6%,22/72),followed by sprain(including dislocation,subluxation,and ligament injury,22.2%,16/72),and fracture(20.8%,15/72).The most common occurrence place in the tracks for athletes was the"Haituo Bowl"area(41.7%,10/24).In terms of severity,the injuries led to an absence from training or competition in 48 athletes[98.0%(48/49)],of whom 33 were severely injured[67.3%(33/49)].Conclusions The most vulnerable part for severe sports injuries in the alpine skiing events of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics was the knee,mostly with ligament injuries,which is consistent with the findings of previous events.The high proportion of severe injuries indicated the difficulty of this track.The place where injuries mostly occurred was the"Haituo Bowl"area of the racing track,also the most challenging part of this track,indicating a necessity of more medical resources in this area.

关 键 词：滑雪 运动损伤 医疗保障 运动员 奥林匹克运动会 冬季 北京 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]