基于人机工程学的民用飞机舱门操作面板设计  

Design of civil aircraft cabin door operation panel based on ergonomics

作　　者：智文静 李国材 郑维娟 张晨 刘冬平 才潇逸 ZHI Wenjing;LI Guocai;ZHENG Weijuan;ZHANG Chen;LIU Dongping;CAI Xiaoyi(Aviation Equipment Research Institute,AVIC Qingan Group Co.,Ltd.,Xian 710077,China;College of Mechanical Electronical and Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 201210,China)

机构地区：[1]航空工业庆安集团有限公司航空设备研究所,陕西西安710077 [2]哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨201210

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2024年第1期107-119,共13页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：工业和信息化部民用飞机专项科研资助项目(MJZ-2018-S-43)。

摘　　要：在当前民用飞机舱门操作面板设计中,人机功效和界面设计缺少统一的标准和规范,设计过程过于依赖个人经验和自身偏好,导致所设计的操作面板在使用过程中人机功效较差。为此,基于人机工程学原理讨论了民用飞机舱门操作面板显示与操作的设计原则,并提出了一种集中式舱门操作面板及区域控制面板的设计方案。首先通过问卷调查来确定舱门操作面板的信息组织、编码、显示元素和显示形式等,然后构建舱门操作面板、区域控制面板以及飞机的三维模型,最后使用人机工程仿真软件DELMIA对操作面板的布置、按键尺寸和触及域进行了动态操作仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的舱门操作面板增强了人机功效,提高了作业的安全性和效率,减少了空乘人员的误操作和工作负荷。所设计的操作面板和区域控制面板不仅实现了整机舱门的集中监控管理与区域作动控制,还能作为人机交互设备,适用于大中型宽体飞机的客舱和货舱,应用前景十分广阔。In the current civil aircraft cabin door operation panel design,there is a lack of unified standards and specifications for human-machine efficacy and interface design,and the design process overly relies on personal experience and personal preferences,resulting in poor human-machine efficacy of the designed operation panel during use.For this purpose,the design principles for the display and operation of the civil aircraft cabin door operation panel were discussed based on the ergonomics principle,and a design scheme of centralized cabin door operation panel and regional control panel was proposed.Firstly,the information organization,coding,display elements and display forms of the cabin door operation panel were determined through questionnaire survey.Then,the three-dimensional models of the cabin door operation panel,the regional control panel and the aircraft were conducted.Finally,the ergonomics simulation software DELMIA was used to conduct dynamic operation simulation on the layout,key size and touch area of the operation panel.The simulation results showed that the designed cabin door operation panel could enhance the human-machine efficacy,improve the safety and efficiency of the operation,and reduce the misoperation and workload of flight attendants.The designed operation panel and regional control panel not only realize centralized monitoring and management and regional actuation control for the entire cabin door,but also can be used as a human-machine interaction device,which is suitable for the cabin and cargo hold of large-sized wide-body aircraft in the future,and has a very broad application prospect.

关 键 词：民用飞机 舱门 操作面板 人机功效 仿真分析 

分 类 号：TH114[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TU67[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]