深孔聚能预裂爆破切顶卸压机理与应用  

Mechanism and application of roof cutting and pressure relief in deep-hole shaped charge presplit blasting

作　　者：段宝福 陈佳华[1,2] 柴明星 魏玉冠 荆哲 杨云倩 DUAN Baofu;CHEN Jiahua;CHAI Mingxing;WEI Yuguan;JING Zhe;YANG Yunqian(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590,China;Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Qingdao 266590,China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学土木工程与建筑学院,山东青岛266590 [2]山东省土木工程防灾减灾重点实验室,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《山东科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020ME096);爆破工程湖北省重点实验室开放基金项目(BL2021-24)。

摘　　要：为解决悬顶导致的煤柱及邻近巷道高应力和大变形问题,结合工作面顶板地质条件,提出深孔聚能预裂爆破切顶卸压专项方案,采用数值模拟及现场试验对卸压效果开展综合研究。研究结果表明,煤层顶板在切顶后垂直应力减幅为21.62%,预裂切顶措施可显著降低煤柱及邻近巷道围岩应力水平。试验发现,炮孔内轴向贯穿裂缝明显,可实现采空区顶板及时垮落。顶底板在切顶后累计位移量减幅达59.27%,巷道两帮及顶底板移近变形得到有效控制,煤柱垂直应力增量显著降低。实践证明,采用深孔聚能预裂爆破切顶卸压效果显著,可大幅提高作业效率,为类似矿压防治工程提供借鉴。To solve the problem of high stress and large deformation of the coal pillar and adjacent roadway caused by the suspended roof,this paper,combined with the geological conditions of the roof in the mining face,proposed a specific scheme of roof cutting and pressure relief in deep-hole shaped charge presplit blasting,and used numerical simulation and field test to conduct a comprehensive study on the effect of pressure relief.The results show that the vertical stress reduction of the coal seam roof after roof cutting is 21.62%,and the roof cutting measures can significantly reduce the stress level of the coal pillar and the surrounding rock in the adjacent roadway.The tests find that the axial penetrating cracks in the borehole are obvious,which can realize the timely collapse of the roof of the goaf.The cumulative displacement of the roof and floor is reduced by 59.27% after cutting the roof,the deformation of the two sides and the roof and floor in the roadway can be effectively controlled,and the increase of vertical stress in the coal pillar is obviously reduced.The practice has proved that the pressure relief effect of roof cutting by deep-hole shaped charge presplit blasting is remarkable,which can greatly improve the operational efficiency and provide some reference for similar mining pressure prevention and control projects.

关 键 词：深孔聚能爆破 切顶卸压 预裂切缝 现场试验 矿压防治 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]