电磁学中的格林函数  

Green’s functions in electromagnetism

作　　者：沙威 应磊[2] 肖高标[3] SHA Wei;YING Lei;XIAO Gao-Biao(College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;School of Physics,Zhejiang University.Hangzhou 310027,China;School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学信息与电子工程学院,杭州310027 [2]浙江大学物理学院,杭州310027 [3]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《物理》2024年第1期43-49,共7页Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:61975177,U20A20164)资助项目。

摘　　要：文章回顾了电磁学中的格林函数理论与格林函数方法。首先,引入标量波动方程对应的格林函数,并与信号系统中的冲击响应函数作类比。其次,引入矢量波动方程对应的并矢格林函数,包括均匀和非均匀介质中的格林函数,并探讨其与电磁理论中的互易定理、等效原理之间的联系。最后,介绍了考虑介质的运动效应和电磁场的量子效应下的格林函数理论。此外,文章也探讨了电磁格林函数在无线通信、电磁兼容等工程领域的应用。This article reviews the theory and method of Green’s functions in electromag‐netism.The scalar Green’s function associated with the scalar wave equation is first introduced,drawing an analogy to the impulse response function in signal systems.Subsequently,the dyadic Green’s function for vector wave equations is presented,including Green’s functions in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous media,and their connection with the reciprocity theorem and equivalence principle in electromagnetic theory.Lastly,the relation between Green’s function theory with the motion effect of media and the quantum effect of electromagnetic fields is explored.Additionally,we discuss the applications of the electromagnetic Green’s functions in engineering fields such as wireless communication and electromagnetic compatibility.

关 键 词：格林函数 介质 电磁场 运动效应 量子效应 无线通信 电磁兼容 

分 类 号：O441.4[理学—电磁学]