乌兹别克斯坦拜松市拉巴特墓地出土珠饰的分析研究  

Scientific Studies on Beads Unearthed From the Rabat Cemetery,Uzbekistan

作　　者：吴晨 刘松[2] 梁云[3] 赵凤燕 李青会[2] 王建新[3] WU Chen;LIU Song;LIANG Yun;ZHAO Feng-yan;LI Qing-hui;WANG Jian-xin(Xi'an Institute of Conservation and Archaeology,Xi'an 710068,China;Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201800,China;School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市文物保护考古研究院,陕西西安710068 [2]中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,上海201800 [3]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2024年第3期762-769,共8页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21CKG015);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-GHZD-34);西安市科技计划项目(20SFSF0010)资助。

摘　　要：2017年—2018年度,中乌联合考古队在乌兹别克斯坦共和国拜松市拉巴特墓地进行了考古发掘,发掘墓葬94座,出土了丰富的遗迹遗物。考古学初步研究表明,该墓地为公元前2世纪末到公元2世纪的一处月氏文化墓地,文化因素丰富,为古代月氏文化面貌研究及北巴克特里亚地区公元前2世纪至公元2世纪的古代文化研究提供了重要的考古新资料。拉巴特墓地发掘中出土各类材质珠饰1 500余件,选取了其中典型人造硅酸盐质珠饰残样13件,采用超景深三维显微系统(OM)、能量色散型X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)、扫描电子显微镜能谱分析(SEM-EDS)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)等方法对其进行了科技分析,确定了这些人造硅酸盐质珠饰的材质属性和部分制作工艺相关信息,结合材质和工艺特点探讨了拉巴特墓地人造硅酸盐质珠饰可能的产地。结果表明,该遗址人造硅酸盐质珠饰包括富钠费昂斯、泡碱型钠钙玻璃、植物灰型钠钙玻璃、高镁钠钙玻璃、矿物碱型钠铝玻璃、植物灰型钠铝玻璃和钾玻璃等多种材质。其中,富钠费昂斯的产地与西亚有关;已分析出的六类玻璃产地涉及西亚、地中海周边、印度、巴基斯坦、中亚等多个地区。研究表明拉巴特墓地所处区域在公元前2世纪末期到公元2世纪文化面貌丰富,与西亚、地中海、南亚等地的经济贸易往来频繁、人群间文化互动丰富。In 2017—2018,the China-Uzbekistan joint archaeological team conducted the excavations at the Rabat Cemetery at Boysun,Uzbekistan.94 tombs were excavated.Preliminary archaeological studies have shown that the cemetery is a Yuezhi culture cemetery from the end of the 2nd century BC to the early 2nd century AD,with rich cultural factors,which provides important archaeological new data for the study of the ancient Yuezhi cultural features and the study of ancient culture from the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD in the North Bactria region.Over 1,500 pieces of beads and pendants in various textures were unearthed in Rabat cemetery,providing abundant research materials.In this study,13 samples of typical synthetic silicate beads are analyzed by Optical Microscopy,Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectromer,and laser Raman spectroscopy to figure out their chemical compositions and a part of the manufacturing technology.Moreover,possible provenances of these beads are discussed,combined with the morphological characteristics of specific samples found at this site.The results show that raw materials of the Rabat beads include sodium-rich faience,natron-based soda glass,plant-ash soda glass,hige-magnesia soda glass,mineral soda-alumina glass,plant ash soda-alumina glass and potash glass,and the productions cover Western Asia,the Mediterranean,Central Asian,India,Pakistan,and other regions.It argues that from the end of the 2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD,frequent economic exchanges and rich cultural interactions took place between the region of Rabat Cemetery and the areas of the Mediterranean,West Asia,and South Asia.

关 键 词：拉巴特墓地 珠饰 费昂斯 古代玻璃 

分 类 号：K876.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]