对外政策分析视角下的核污染事故处理——以切尔诺贝利事故为例  

The Resolution of Nuclear Accidents from the Perspective of Foreign Policy Analysis:A Case Study of Chernobyl Accident

作　　者：徐博[1,2] 陈立赢[3] Xu Bo;Chen Liying(Northeast Asia Studies College,Jilin University;Institute for Northeast China and Northeast Asian Studies,Jilin University)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心 [2]吉林大学东北与东北亚研究院 [3]吉林大学东北亚学院

出　　处：《当代韩国》2023年第4期60-71,共12页Contemporary Korea

摘　　要：对外政策分析是国际关系研究的重要领域。其主要研究目标在于通过层次分析方法对国家对外政策的出台背景、实践过程以及政策影响进行分析。本文即从对外政策分析这一理论视角,对切尔诺贝利核事故中苏联处理政策的转变过程与政策选择逻辑进行了梳理与研究。在考察苏联对切尔诺贝利核事故处理的同时,指出一国对核污染事故的处理并非简单的国内政治问题,它同时还受到国际因素的巨大影响。其核污染事故处理政策在反映该国国内政治运作特点的同时,也体现了该国在国际政治与对外政策上的偏好。苏联处理切尔诺贝利核事故时期的政策转变过程可以分为“保守期”“转变期”“开放期”,其政策转折逻辑既体现了20世纪80年代苏联国内政治的变迁,即以戈尔巴乔夫为代表的改革派的上台,也体现出戈尔巴乔夫领导下苏联力图改善与西方国家关系的对外政策偏好。苏联对切尔诺贝利事故的处理是国内因素和国际因素共同作用的结果,对于这一过程的分析有利于我们更好地理解核污染事故处理背后的决策过程,以及相关决策所代表的内外政策主张。The foreign policy analysis is an important field of the international politics study.Its major study object is using the level analysis method to analyze the basement,practice process and policy influence of one state's foreign policy.This article used the theory perspective of foreign policy analysis to clarify and study the transformation process and choice logic of the resolution policy to the Chernobyl Accident carried out by the Soviet Union.While studying the resolution policy to the Chernobyl Accident,also pointing out the resolution of a nuclear accident is not only a domestic issue,but also an international affair.On the one hand,the resolution policy to nuclear accident reflects the domestic politics operation characteristic of this state,on the other hand,it also shows the preference to international affairs and foreign policy of this state.The policy transformation of Soviet Union's resolution policy to Chernobyl Accident can be divided in three different periods:conservation period,transformation period and open period.The logic of policy transformation reveals the domestic politics transition of Soviet Union in the 1980s,which the innovationists represented by Mikhail Gorbachev came to power.It also can be regarded as the foreign policy preference that the Soviet Union leaded by Gorbachev tried to improve the relationship with western countries.The Chernobyl Accident resolution policy enacted by Soviet Union is the resultant force consequence with the domestic and international factors.The analysis to this process can help us deeply understand the decision course to the ultimate nuclear accident resolution policy and the policy proposition to domestic and international issues.

关 键 词：对外政策 核事故 切尔诺贝利 苏联 国内政治 

分 类 号：X771[环境科学与工程—环境工程] D851.2[政治法律—政治学]