中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1 号”奇数年群体选育第二代的生长性能和养殖效果评估  

Evaluation of growth and culture performance of the secondgeneration of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) “ChangdangLake 1” in odd year population

作　　者：彭涛 张冬冬 姜晓东[1] 罗明 陈文彬 成永旭[1] 吴旭干[1] PENG Tao;ZHANG Dongdong;JIANG Xiaodong;LUO Ming;CHEN Wenbin;CHENG Yongxu;WU Xugan(Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China 2.Changzhou Jintan District Fisheries Technical Promotion Center,Changzhou 213200,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]常州市金坛区水产技术推广中心,江苏常州213200

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第10期1177-1187,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]127);常州市金坛区农业农村局项目(JTNL2019001);上海市崇明区“可持续发展科技创新行动计划”项目(CK2022-37).

摘　　要：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)“长荡湖1号”(以下简称“长荡湖1号”)选育群体包括A系和B系两个平行选育系,分别以耐高密度和大规格为选育目标。为评估“长荡湖1号”奇数年群体选育第二代(G2)的选育效果和遗传进展,本研究在室外池塘生态养殖条件下,进行大眼幼体至扣蟹以及扣蟹至成蟹养殖实验,实验周期约为20个月。实验期间通过多次生长打样及性腺发育解剖,结合最终收获时的规格分布,以未选育群体为对照,综合评估了两选育品系的生长性能、性腺发育和养殖效果。结果表明:(1)两选育品系扣蟹及成蟹养殖阶段平均体重均高于对照组,其中两选育品系扣蟹7月和9—11月体重均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),成蟹养殖过程中10月“长荡湖1号”B系体重也显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其余月份3组成蟹体重无显著差异(P>0.05);(2)成蟹雌雄个体的生殖蜕壳高峰期分别为7月30日—9月10日和8月20日—9月30日,在此期间对照组的生殖蜕壳率略高于两选育品系。在肝胰腺指数(HSI)方面,前期(9月20日)对照组雄体HSI显著高于两选育品系(P<0.05),而后期(11月10日)两选育品系雌体HSI显著高于对照组(P<0.05);就性腺指数(GSI)而言,两选育品系的GSI和对照组接近,其中11月10日“长荡湖1号”B系雌体GSI显著低于对照组(P<0.05);(3)两选育品系在扣蟹及成蟹养殖阶段的最终平均体重和产量均高于对照组,其中“长荡湖1号”B系最终平均体重略高于“长荡湖1号”A系;两选育品系在扣蟹及成蟹养殖阶段的饲料系数(FCR)均低于对照组,其中“长荡湖1号”A系在成蟹养殖阶段的FCR显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两选育品系大规格扣蟹(≥15 g)和成蟹(雄蟹≥200 g,雌蟹≥175 g)百分比例均高于对照组,而小规格扣蟹(≤9 g)百分比例低于对照组。综上,中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”A系具有生长速度快、单位产量高及饲料系数低等特点,中华The breeding population of Eriocheir sinensis“Changdang Lake 1”were composed of two parallel breeding strains(strain A and strain B),which were resistant to high density and large size,respectively.To evaluate the breeding effect and genetic progress of the second generation of Eriocheir sinensis“Changdang Lake 1”in odd year population,juvenile and adult crab culture experiment was performed under the condition of ecological culture in outdoor pond.The experimental period lasted for approximately 20 months.During the experiment,multiple growth-proofing and gonadal developmental anatomies were combined with the final harvest size distribution.Compared with the unselected population,the growth performance,gonadal development,and culture effects of the two selected strains were comprehensively evaluated.The average body weight of the two selected strains in the juvenile and adult crab culture stages was always higher than that of the control group,and it was significantly higher than that of the control group in July and from September to November during the juvenile crab culture stage(P<0.05).For adult crabs,the average body weight of strain B was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05)in October;however,the difference in the average body weights of the three groups in the other months were not significant(P>0.05).For adult crabs,the peak periods of puberty molting in male and female individuals were from July 30th to September 10th,and August 20th to September 30th,respectively.The puberty-molting rate of the control group was slightly higher than that of the two selected strains.For the hepatosomatic index(HSI),the HSI of the males in the control group was significantly higher than that of the two selected strains on September 20th,while the HSI of the females in the two selected strains on November 10th was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The gonadosomatic index(GSI)of the two selected strains was similar to that of the control group,and the GSI of female s

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 配套系选育 生长性能 性腺发育 养殖效果 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]