硝化型和光合自养型生物絮团对泥鳅生长、肠道菌群和水体微生物群落结构的影响  

Effects of nitrification and photosynthetic autotrophic bioflocs on thegrowth, gut microbiome, and microbial community structure of Loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatu)

作　　者：胡方正 孙大川[1,2,3] 郭衍硕 姚妙兰 刘文畅 谭洪新[1,2,3] HU Fangzheng;SUN Dachuan;GUO Yanshuo;YAO Miaolan;LIU Wenchang;TAN Hongxin(Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green Culture of Aquaculture Animals,Shanghai 201306,China;China-ASEAN“The Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory of Mariculture Technology,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [2]上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,上海201306 [3]科技部中国-东盟海水养殖技术“一带一路”联合实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第10期1188-1201,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0203900);上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心项目(A1-3408-23-0001).

摘　　要：为了解硝化型和光合自养型生物絮团对于泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)的养殖效果,设置清水组(CW组)、硝化组(BFT组)和光合自养组(ABFT组)生物絮团养殖泥鳅45 d,比较泥鳅的生长和消化酶活性、两类絮团的营养组成情况,以及养殖水体和泥鳅肠道微生物的群落结构。结果显示,BFT组和ABFT组的饲料转化率、特定生长率和末均重没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。与CW组相比,两实验组的饲料转化率显著降低;BFT组的终末密度与CW组相比没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。与CW组相比,BFT组和ABFT组生物絮团可以提供(36.69±1.17)%和(40.20±1.05)%的粗蛋白;与BFT组相比,ABFT组的生物絮团粗脂肪含量显著提高(P<0.05),并且促进脂肪酸由饱和向不饱和转化。ABFT的泥鳅胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性显著高于另外两组(P<0.05)。微生物群落分析表明,添加藻类对成熟生物絮团Alpha多样性指数、群落门水平和属水平没有显著影响。泥鳅摄食生物絮团会导致肠道菌群sobs指数显著降低。BFT组肠道的优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi);ABFT组为变形菌门和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)。属水平上,ABFT组检测到高水平的气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)。本研究表明,硝化型和光合自养型生物絮团养殖均适合作为泥鳅绿色健康养殖的新模式。Biofloc technology(BFT),which is a recirculating aquaculture system,can significantly enhance nutrients and waste recycling.In addition,heterotrophic microorganisms in the BFT system can convert nitrogenous waste and residual bait produced by the metabolism of the culture species into nutrients,thereby reducing feed requirements.BFT systems are divided into three types based on the circulation of nitrogen:chemoautotrophic,heterotrophic and photoautotrophic.Common bioflocs are mainly chemoautotrophic,and control toxic nitrogen through nitrification.Additional sugars were supplemented to increase the C/N ratio to synthesize the nitrogen source into the biomass through assimilation.The bioflocs of these two energy metabolic pathways have been extensively studied.However,algae often play a prominent role in natural biofloc communities that cannot be explained simply by chemoautotrophy and heterotrophy.Algae absorb CO2 through photosynthesis to produce O2 and organic matter that can be used by bacteria.Moreover,it can utilize nitrate produced by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria as a nutritional substrate to support their growth.Loach(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)is an important freshwater species farmed in China.Traditional loach breeding techniques include pond,paddy,and cage farming.However,these farming methods rely on a substantial quantity of water to manage nitrogen-containing waste in the water body,which places great pressure on the environment and hinders the sustainable,eco-friendly development of aquaculture.To understand the breeding effects of nitrification and photoautotrophic bioflocs as compensatory nutrients,loach was grown in two types of bioflocs for 45 days.Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,community structure of the water column,as well as gut microbiome and nutritional composition of the two types of flocs were compared.Nitrification and photoautotrophic groups significantly reduced the feed conversion rate compared with the clear water group.Meanwhile,the ABFT group exhibited an enhanced abso

关 键 词：生物絮团 泥鳅 微生物 絮团营养 光合自养 硝化 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]