珠江口夏季汉森莹虾的空间分布特征及其与水团的关系  

Impact of water masses on spatial distribution characteristics ofLucifer hanseni in the Pearl River estuary in summer

作　　者：田丰歌[1] 王符菁 何静 杨振雄 黄彬彬 TIAN Fengge;WANG Fujing;HE Jing;YANG Zhenxiong;HUANG Binbin(South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Nansha Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海环境监测中心,海南南沙珊瑚礁生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,广州510300

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第10期1224-1235,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：广东省平台基地及科技基础条件建设项目(2021B1212050025);广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(FEEL-2020-3);中国海洋发展基金会项目(CODF-002-ZX-2021).

摘　　要：为研究汉森莹虾(Lucifer hanseni)在珠江口的分布特征及其与水团的关系,探讨其温盐适应性,于2016—2021年每年8月在珠江口海域进行采样调查。结果表明,6次调查汉森莹虾的平均丰度为9.26~31.09 ind/m3,其分布具有很强的聚集性,丛生指标在57.00到236.32之间。根据对温度、盐度数据的K-means聚类分析,将调查海域分为径流水、咸淡混合水和南海高盐水3种水团。汉森莹虾主要分布在大屿山岛以南的南海高盐水水域,并向北部咸淡混合水和径流水的区域扩散,扩散范围与其本身数量及南海高盐水的入侵强度有关,最远可至虎门附近。相关性分析显示,各次调查汉森莹虾的平均丰度、分布站数与海水表层温度(sea surface temperature,SST)平均值呈显著正相关。在夏季珠江口,汉森莹虾的分布与底层盐度(sea bottom salinity,SBS)关系密切,其丰度在多数调查中与SBS呈正相关关系,丰度高值点在多数调查中均位于29.5~31.0的SBS区间内,指示汉森莹虾是一个近海暖水种。The genus Lucifer is a type of macro-planktonic crustacean and serves as a food for various fish species.Some Lucifer species can be an indicator species for fishing grounds.Utilizing data from six sampling investigations conducted annually from 2016 to 2021 in the Pearl River estuary during August,this study investigated the relationship between the distribution characteristics of Lucifer hanseni and water masses and explored the adaptability of L.hanseni to temperature and salinity.The results showed that the average abundance of L.hanseni varied from 9.26 to 31.09 ind/m3,with the index of clumping between 57.00 and 236.32,indicating a strong spatial aggregating distribution.According to K-means cluster analysis of water temperature and salinity,the survey region could be divided into three water masses:runoff,brackish-mixed and high-salinity water.L.hanseni is mainly assembled in the south area of Lantau islands,which is characterized by high salinity,and spread northerly to the runoff and brackish-mixed water.The spread range,with the northernmost distribution area near Humen,was determined by the strength of high-salinity water and the abundance of L.hanseni.L.hanseni was generally recognized as a warm water species,which is corroborated by the results of this study.The average abundance and number of distribution stations of L.hanseni in each investigation were significantly positively correlated with the average sea surface temperature.Previous studies presented varying results on the salinity adaptability of L.hanseni.L.hanseni was previously regarded as a nearshore-,offshore-,or estuarine low-salt species.In this study,positive correlations were observed between the abundance of L.hanseni and sea bottom salinity(SBS)in most surveys.The highest abundance was consistently noted within the salinity range from 29.5 to 31.0,implying that the distribution pattern of L.hanseni was closely related to SBS in the Pearl River estuary during the summer.In conclusion,L.hanseni was a nearshore species.

关 键 词：汉森莹虾 浮游动物 珠江口 水团 盐度 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]