东平湖刀鲚生物学参数、单位补充量渔获量及产卵亲体量评估  

Estimation of biological parameters,yield per recruitment,and spawning stock biomass per recruitment of Coilia nasus in Dongping Lake

作　　者：丛旭日 董贯仓 李秀启 王晴晴 冷春梅 高云芳 任一平[1] CONG Xuri;DONG Guancang;LI Xiuqi;WANG Qingqing;LENG Chunmei;GAO Yunfang;REN Yiping(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Huang River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250013,China;Binzhou University,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta,Binzhou 256600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]山东省淡水渔业研究院,农业农村部黄河下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,山东济南250013 [3]滨州学院,山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室,山东滨州256600

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第10期1236-1245,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MC193);农业农村部“黄河专项”课题(HHDC-2022-0403);山东省黄河三角洲生态环境重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2021KFJJ03).

摘　　要：为完善东平湖刀鲚(Coilia nasus)的基础生物学数据,并为实现其资源的可持续利用提供技术指导和理论依据,本研究根据2021—2023年东平湖定置三层多目刺网调查获得的刀鲚体长、体重数据,利用ELEFAN_GA技术对刀鲚的生长和死亡参数进行估算,拟合Von Bertalanffy(VBGF)生长方程,构建了基于体长结构的单位补充量渔获量(YPR)和单位补充量产卵亲体量(SSBPR)模型。结果显示,东平湖刀鲚体长范围为4.9~26.2 cm,平均体长为(12.2±2.4)cm,体重范围1.1~51.8 g,平均体重为(6.6±4.5)g;使用基于bootstrap的ELEFAN_GA方法估算刀鲚渐进体长L∞=31.65 cm,生长速率K=0.66,理论生产起点年龄t0=‒0.23,季节性生产振幅C=0.65,1年中生产最快的时间段ts=0.40;刀鲚的总死亡系数Z=2.71,自然死亡系数M=1.074,捕捞死亡系数F=1.641、开发率E=0.604,平均选择体长L50=9.15 cm;YPR模型结果显示,随着F增大,YPR值呈现先上升后下降的趋势,生物学参考点F0.1和Fmax的值分别为0.978和2.204;SSBPR模型结果显示随着捕捞强度的增大,SSBPR呈下降趋势,现阶段捕捞强度介于F20%(2.848)与F40%(1.065)之间,略大于F35%(1.286)。综上所述,东平湖刀鲚生长表现出明显的季节性变化规律,在与其他地理群体对比中,东平湖刀鲚在生物学参数上的差异体现了其生长过程的空间异质性,K值最大表明其可以用最短的时间生长到接近极限体长,说明东平湖饵料丰富,而同时较高的开发率和较低的开捕体长则表明目前东平湖刀鲚已处于过度开发状态,SSBPR曲线得出现阶段捕捞强度小于极限值F20%,略大于生物学参考点F35%。研究结果表明,为使东平湖刀鲚资源达到生态、经济效益平衡,可在适当减少渔船数量以降低捕捞强度的情况下,通过增大网目尺寸以增加开捕体长来保持其可持续发展。To provide technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of Coilia nasus resources in Dongping Lake,this study estimated the growth and death parameters of C.nasus using ELEFAN_GA technology and fitted the Von Bertalanffy(VBGF)growth equation based on the length and mass data of C.nasus obtained from a gillnet survey in Dongping Lake from 2021 to 2023.The yield per recruitment(YPR)and spawning stock biomass per recruitment(SSBPR)models based on body length structure were constructed to assess the resource dynamics and management strategy of C.nasus in Dongping Lake.The results show that the body length of C.nasus ranges from 4.9 to 26.2 cm,with an average body length of(12.2±2.4)cm.Meanwhile,the body weight ranged from 1.1 to 51.8 g,with an average weight of(6.6±4.5)g.The ELEFAN_GA method based on Bootstrap was used to estimate the parameters,and the result revealed that the growth parameters infinite length of C.nasus was 31.65 cm(L∞),with a growth parameter of 0.66(K).Meanwhile,the theoretical starting age of growth(t0)was−0.23,with a growth amplitude of 0.65(C),and the annual fastest growing time of 0.40(ts).The total coefficient of mortality was 2.71(Z),with the coefficient of natural mortality at 1.074(M),and the coefficient of fishing mortality at 1.641(F).The exploitation rate was determined to be 0.604(E),and the optimum catchable size was 9.15 cm(L50).The results of the YPR model showed that with the increase of F,the YPR value first increased and then decreased,and the biological reference points F0.1 and Fmax were 0.978 and 2.204,respectively.The results of the SSBPR model show that with an increase in fishing intensity,the SSBPR shows a downward trend.The current fishing intensity was between F20%(2.848)and F40%(1.065),which was slightly greater than that of F35%(1.286).In conclusion,the growth of C.nasus in Dongping Lake shows obvious seasonal changes compared with other geographical populations,and the differences in the biological parameters of C.nasus in Dongping

关 键 词：东平湖 刀鲚 生物学参数 单位补充量渔获量 单位补充量产卵亲体量 生物学参考点 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]