留美学人去留选择与职业生涯的心态史考察——以留美科协核心成员为例  

A Psychohistory of the Migration Decision and Professional Trajectory of the Stranded Chinese Students in America:The Case of Core Members of the Chinese Scientific Workers'Association in the USA

作　　者：付美榕[1] 何诗田 FU Meirong;HE Shitian(School of English and International Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University,Beijing 100089,China;School of Sciences for Human Habitat,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院,北京100089 [2]中国科学院大学人居科学学院,北京101408

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2023年第4期493-505,529,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：新中国成立之际,在美国的中国学人面临艰难抉择和未知前程。本文聚焦留美科协核心成员,从心态史的视角探究其去留选择和科学生涯,旨在呈现冷战背景下个人与国家、科技与政治、科学家与祖国的关系。就去留选择而言,中美双方的政治因素对此具有显著影响。就归国后的职业生涯而言,留美科协核心成员对自己的坎坷经历大都无怨无悔,这种态度反映了他们特有的民族情感、惭愧心理、事业成就感以及自我保护心理。留美未归者在人生的黄金时期为美国的高等教育和科技发展贡献才智,并在中美建交之后为促进中美教育交流与科技合作尽心尽力,这主要源于其内心的沟通愿望和报国之情,以及在美国身为“永远的外国人”的压抑感。When the PRC was founded in 1949,thousands of Chinese youths who had embarked on their scholarly journey in America at the end of World War II faced tough choice and unknown future.Focusing on 65 core members of the Chinese Scientific Workers'Association in the USA,this study explores their leave-or-stay decisions and subsequent career paths from the perspective of psychohistory.It finds that political factors on the part of both China and the United States,among other things,had prominent impact on their decision to return or remain.While the 55 returnees endured unexpected hardship and trauma back in China,they generally felt no regret for their choice and experience,which reflects their China complex,sense of guilt,pride in career achievement and awareness of self-protection.The 10 individuals who remained in the US spent the golden period of their lives contributing to American competitiveness in various fields,and upon the resumption of China-US relations in the 1970s,most of them strived to foster people to people exchanges and technological cooperation between the two countries,largely driven by deep-seated homesickness and love for the motherland,as well as the feeling of“perpetual foreigner”in the U.S.

关 键 词：留美学人 去留选择 留美科协 心态史学 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]