全面抗战前后科学家薪俸收入的变化——以国立中央研究院为中心  

A Historical Study on the Changes of Scientists' Salary Incomebefore and after the Full-Scale War of Resistance: Centering on the National Academy of Academia Sinica

作　　者：王新 WANG Xin(National Museum of China,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家博物馆,北京100006

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2023年第4期506-515,共10页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：民国社会转型期出现了一批新的专门职业,其中科学职业因其重要的职业特性和从业者的精英性,在国家参与下逐步走向建制化,科学家薪俸收入得到保障并且稳定,显示出这一新兴职业的收入优势。全面抗战爆发后,由于通货膨胀和国民政府措施不力,科学家薪俸收入大幅缩水,所受损害程度远高于工人、农民等普通社会阶层。科学职业的收入优势在战乱中迅速失去,许多科学从业者不得已从事体力劳动以谋生计,由此出现了中国现代史上科学职业化以来的首次“脑体收入倒挂”现象。During the social transition period of the Republic of China,a number of new specialized professions emerged,among which the scientific profession gradually became institutionalized with the participation of the state due to its important occupational characteristics and the elite status of its practitioners.Scientists'salary income was guaranteed and stable,showing the financial advantage of this new occupation.After the outbreak of the full-scale War of Resistance,due to inflation and the ineffective measures of the National Government,the salaries of scientists were greatly reduced,and the resultant damage was far greater than that of workers,farmers and other ordinary social classes.The income advantage of the scientific professions was quickly lost in the war,and many scientific practitioners had to do manual labor to make a living.Thus,the phenomenon of“the manual workers earn more than the mental workers”appeared for the first time since the professionalization of science in the modern history of China.

关 键 词：科学职业 薪俸收入 国立中央研究院 抗日战争 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] K265[历史地理—历史学]