知识流转、商业投机与产业型塑——除虫菊在近代中国(1897—1937)  

Knowledge Transfer, Commercial Speculation and Industrial Development: Pyrethrum in Modern China(1897—1937)

作　　者：俞泽玮 YU Zewei(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,南京210046

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2023年第4期578-591,共14页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

摘　　要：除虫菊是近代主要植物性驱虫剂原料,也是“二战”前日本重要的出口农作物。清末除虫菊知识进入中国,并逐渐在“害虫防治”“农家经营”“国族主义”等层面被赋予不同的意义。北京政府时期,上海周边商业种植园将除虫菊籽种当做投机式经营的工具,虽在商业模式上不具持续性,却进一步促进了除虫菊知识的本地化与“物质化”。1932年国民政府实业部通令全国栽培除虫菊,在日用化工企业、乡村建设群体、地方当局的共同推广下,全国种植除虫菊面积达七千余亩,相关产业链初步形成,但在1936年风波中遭受顿挫。除虫菊在近代中国的流转,不仅提供了新兴作物从引入到本土化再到产业化的全过程微观案例,也映射出科学知识与商业以及政商之间的纠葛。Pyrethrum was a major plant⁃based insect repellent material in modern times and an important export crop in Japan before World War II.The knowledge of pyrethrum entered China at the end of the Qing Dynasty and was gradually given different meanings in terms of“pest control”,“farming business”and“nationalism”.During the period of the Beijing government,commercial plantations around Shanghai used pyrethrum seeds as a speculative business tool,which was not sustainable in terms of a business model,but further promoted the localization and“materialization”of pyrethrum knowledge.With the joint promotion of daily chemical enterprises,rural reconstruction groups and local authorities,pyrethrum was cultivated on an area of more than 7,000 mu nationwide,and the related industrial chain was initially formed,but suffered a setback in the 1936 storm.The flow of pyrethrum in modern China not only provides a microcosmic case of the whole process of the new crop from its introduction to localization to industrialization,but also maps out the entanglement between scientific knowledge and commerce and between politics and business.

关 键 词：除虫菊 朱启绥 仙乐种植园 中国化学工业社 乡村建设运动 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]