五种杀虫剂对苜蓿种子田中主要害虫和传粉昆虫的影响  

Effects of five insecticides on main pests and pollinators in alfalfa seed fields

作　　者：杨轩宇 朱猛蒙[2] 史娟[1] 张蓉[2] 赵紫华 张建新 Yang Xuanyu;Zhu Mengmeng;Shi Juan;Zhang Rong;Zhao Zihua;Zhang Jianxin(College of Agronomy,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China;Department of Plant Biosafety,College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Grassland Management Station of Pingluo County,Shizuishan 753400,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川750002 [3]中国农业大学植物保护学院植物生物安全系,北京100193 [4]宁夏平罗县草原管理站,石嘴山753400

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2023年第6期1641-1650,共10页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2022BBF02028)。

摘　　要：为筛选高效、低毒的杀虫剂,测定1.5%除虫菊素、0.3%印楝素、4%阿维·啶虫脒、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯和70%吡虫啉5种杀虫剂对苜蓿种子田主要害虫牛角花齿蓟马Odontothrips loti和豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum的室内毒力和田间防效,并分析这5种药剂对主要传粉昆虫数量及多样性指数的影响。结果显示,0.3%印楝素对牛角花齿蓟马和豌豆蚜的毒力相对较高,LC_(50)分别为1.093 mg/L和2.864 mg/L。70%吡虫啉以及4%阿维·啶虫脒对牛角花齿蓟马和豌豆蚜均有较高的防效,最高防效均达到85.00%以上,但这2种药剂对传粉昆虫威胁较大,而0.3%印楝素则对传粉昆虫威胁较小。推荐花期苜蓿种子田使用0.3%印楝素1000倍稀释液防控害虫,而非开花期可交替使用70%吡虫啉1000倍稀释液和4%阿维·啶虫脒1000倍稀释液防控害虫。To identify pesticides with higher effectiveness and lower toxicity,the indoor virulence and field efficacy of five pesticides 1.5%pyrethrin,0.3%azadirachtin,4%abamectin·acetamiprid,2.5%cyhalothrin,and 70%imidacloprid were assessed on the major pests of alfalfa seed fields,specifically Odontothrips loti and pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum.The effects of these five insecticides on the abundance and diversity indices of major pollinators were also analyzed.The results showed that the toxicity of 0.3%azadirachtin was relatively high for O.loti and A.pisum with LC_(50) values of 1.093 mg/L and 2.864 mg/L,respectively.Both 70%imidacloprid and 4%abamectin·acetamiprid showed high efficacy against both O.loti and A.pisum,with the highest efficacy exceeding 85.00%.However these two pesticides posed a greater threat to pollinators,while 0.3%azadirachtin was less threatening to them.It was recommended to use 0.3%azadirachtin(diluted 1000 times)for pest control in alfalfa during the flowering stage.Meanwhile,70%imidacloprid(diluted 1000 times)and 4%abamectin·acetamiprid(diluted 1000 times)can be used alternatively during the non-flowering stage for pest control.

关 键 词：杀虫剂 室内毒力 防效 豌豆蚜 牛角花齿蓟马 传粉昆虫 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]