动物疫病活载体疫苗研究进展  

Research Progress on Live Vector Vaccines for Animal Diseases

作　　者：周凯钰太 潘俊慧 王素春[1,3] 禹兰平 杨文静 梁晚枫 孙福亮[2] 王楷宬[1,3] Zhou Kaiyutai;Pan Junhui;Wang Suchun;Yu Lanping;Yang Wenjing;Liang Wanfeng;Sun Fuliang;Wang Kaicheng(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Yanbian University,Yanji 133000,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning,Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]延边大学,吉林延吉133000 [3]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2024年第2期47-57,共11页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：中国动物卫生与流行病学中心创新基金项目。

摘　　要：活载体疫苗是以细菌或病毒作为载体表达外源抗原和治疗因子的载体系统,具有安全性高、毒力返祖风险低、成本低,可诱导免疫机体产生高水平的体液免疫、细胞免疫或黏膜免疫等优点,是目前最具发展潜力的基因工程疫苗之一,在动物疫病防控领域应用较多。病毒载体包括DNA病毒(如腺病毒、腺相关病毒和痘病毒等)和RNA病毒(如新城疫病毒、流感病毒等);细菌载体包括减毒致病菌与非致病菌两类,主要包括乳酸菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等。活载体疫苗常用的抗原呈递策略有载体-宿主平衡致死系统、微生物表面展示系统。多种疫苗载体的开发及抗原呈递策略的选择,使得活载体疫苗的使用价值最大化。不同载体疫苗在预防疫病方面均有不同优缺点,应根据实际情况选择最优最适合的活载体疫苗。本文综述了动物疫病防控领域的病毒和细菌活载体疫苗研究进展及其抗原呈递方式,以期为活载体疫苗的进一步研究提供参考。The live vector vaccine,as one of the most promising genetic engineering vaccines currently and mainly used in the field of animal disease prevention and control,is a carrier system expressing exotic antigens and therapeutic factors by taking bacteria or viruses as vectors,characterized by the advantages of high safety,low risk of virulence reversion,low cost,inducing immune organisms to produce high-level humoral,cellular or mucosal immunity,etc.Virus vectors include DNA viruses(such as adenovirus,adeno-associated virus and smallpox virus)and RNA viruses(such as Newcastle disease virus and influenza virus);and bacterial vectors include attenuated pathogenic bacteria and non-pathogenic bacteria,mainly including Lactobacillus,Salmonella,Escherichia coli,etc.Vector-host balanced lethal system and microbial surface display system are the antigen presentation strategies commonly used by live vector vaccines,which,in combination with the development of multiple vaccine vectors,maximize the value of live vector vaccines.The optimal and most suitable live vector vaccines should be selected as appropriate,depending on their respective advantages and disadvantages in preventing diseases.In the paper,research progress on viral and bacterial live vector vaccines in the field of animal disease prevention and control was reviewed,with a view to providing a reference for relevant efforts in the future.

关 键 词：活载体疫苗 病毒载体 细菌载体 疫苗开发 抗原呈递 

分 类 号：S851.3[农业科学—预防兽医学]