论NFT数字作品的权属特点与规则适用  

The Legal Feature and Applicable Rule of the Non-Fungible Token Digital Artwork

作　　者：闫冬[1] YAN Dong

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学法学院,北京100089

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第1期75-86,共12页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：北京外国语大学卓越人才计划的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：NFT是一种技术,它通过对数字客体进行标识、登记和固定,使其具有可支配性和特定性。数字作品经过NFT处理后,其“物”的特性得到了强化,从而在一定程度上超出了债权客体的范畴,更接近于物权客体的特征。虽然NFT数字作品的铸造和交易应该适用物权规则,但在占有和处分这些作品的过程中,其登记性和非同质性特点却十分鲜明。因此,传统物权规则在应用于该种新型物时需要进行内部调整,同时还需要与外部规则相适配。NFT与区块链登记公示的高度绑定有别于传统的动产物权登记和著作权自愿登记,它应该比照不动产而非动产物权登记机制进行规范,并明确该登记行为在著作权规则中的地位。NFT通过独特识别符形成的非同质性,与同质化代币相比存在巨大差异,因此在适用货币化、证券化规则时应该更加谨慎。Non-Fungible Token(NFT)reinforces the digital object through blockchain technology,and enhances its objec-tivity,credibility and non-fungibility.The feature of objectivity of digital artwork has been enhanced by the NFT,which renders it under property law jurisdiction rather than debt jurisdiction.Although the real rights rules should apply to the casting and trad-ing of NFT digital works,they could not straightforwardly be imposed upon the NFT digital artworks as they have their own charac-teristics.Indeed,while ruling the NFT digital artwork,traditional real rights rules ought to be modified internally and interact with other rules externally.The NFT’s reliance upon blockchain registration is quite different to traditional registration of tangible property or copyrights,which could be regulated in the context of intangible(rather than tangible)property registration and copy-rights registration.Furthermore,NFT digital artworks carry the non-fungible nature that shall be cautiously dealt with in prevent-ing the financial risks of monetization and securitization.

关 键 词：NFT 数字作品 法律属性 物权客体 区块链 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]