数字化与社会政策基础——一项文献综述  

Digitalization and the Foundation of Social Policies-A Literature Review

作　　者：王晶[1,2] Wang Jing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院社会学研究所 [2]中国社会科学院大学

出　　处：《社会政策研究》2024年第1期124-130,136,共8页Social Policy Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“养老服务平台组织发展模式研究”(项目批准号:19BSH171)。

摘　　要：本文基于文献研究方法,探讨了数字化时代社会政策基础的变革。从社会分层机制看,生产体制分化、信息租金、数字鸿沟等新的社会分化机制进一步加剧了社会不平等;从就业模式和社会保障看,数字技术推动了劳动形态由工业社会的“职业化”向数字时代的“零工化”转型,零工社会保护机制呈现出两种形态:一是将零工就业作为一种新的标准化就业形态,纳入现有社会保护框架;二是将零工就业作为一种独立就业形态,为零工群体提供补充性或特殊性的社会保护机制。数字化技术提高了不同层级政府的治理能力和服务能力,提高了公共服务资源配置效率,同时也存在局限性,一是数据、平台和人力资源的匹配问题,数据算法最终替代不了“人的服务”;二是不同国家原有的福利制度痼疾,在数字化社会下呈现路径依赖的特性。The paper explores the transformation of the foundation of social policies in the digital era.From the perspectives of societal stratification mechanisms,the study highlights new mechanisms such as production system differentiation,information rent,and the digital divide,which further exacerbate social inequality.From the perspectives of employment patterns and social security,digital technology propels a shift in labor forms from the“professionalization”of industrial society to the“gig economy”of the digital era.The social protection mechanisms for gig workers take two forms:firstly,integrating gig economy into existing social protection frameworks as a new standardized employment form,and secondly,treating gig employment as an independent form,providing complementary or specific social protection mechanisms for gig workers.Digital technology enhances the governance and service capabilities of governments at different levels,improving the efficiency of resource allocation for public service provision.However,limitations exist,including issues of data,platform,and human resource matching,and the ultimate dependence of data algorithms on“human service”.Additionally,pre-existing welfare systems in different countries exhibit path-dependent characteristics in the digital society.

关 键 词：数字化 社会分层机制 就业形态 社会保障 

分 类 号：D632.1[政治法律—政治学] D630[政治法律—中外政治制度] F49[经济管理—产业经济]